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100
In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., states in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam had which of the following in common? (A) All successfully excluded European merchants. (B) All were conquered by the Mongols. (C) All rejected both Buddhism and Christianity. (D) All were culturally influenced by China.
What is (D) All were culturally influenced by China.
100
17. Which of the following was a major motivation for European maritime expansion starting in the fifteenth century? (A) The desire to trade directly with Africans and Asians (B) The desire to spread democracy (C) The need for suitable land to establish settler colonies (D) The need for industrial resources
What is (A) The desire to trade directly with Africans and Asians
100
Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century? (A) Africans’ unified resistance to European intervention (B) Europeans’ desire to develop industry in Africa (C) Europeans’ use of both warfare and diplomacy (D) Africans’ widespread acceptance of European laws
What is (C) Europeans’ use of both warfare and diplomacy
100
“Again, another marked characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries.” Josiah Strong, American Protestant clergyman, essay on Anglo-Saxons, 1891 The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts? (A) Nationalism (B) Imperialism (C) Liberalism (D) Marxism
What is Imperialism
100
Which of the following was a significant long-term cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union during the late twentieth century? (A) Geopolitical rivalry between the Soviet Union and communist China (B) The dismantling of the Berlin Wall and the end of restrictions on emigrating from communist countries (C) The cost of the arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States (D) The establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement
What is (C) The cost of the arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States
200
Angkor Wat in Southeast Asia built circa 1100 C.E., reflects which of the following world historical processes? (A) Increased domination of East Asia and Southeast Asia by Arab powers (B) The increase in the number of Chinese merchant communities in the Indian Ocean region (C) The introduction of Islam across most of Asia (D) Increased cross-cultural interactions in the Indian Ocean region
What is (D) Increased cross-cultural interactions in the Indian Ocean region
200
Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century? (A) The Mughals practiced religious tolerance toward non-Muslim subjects, while the Ottomans did not. (B) The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not. (C) The Mughals used gunpowder weapons to expand their territory, while the Ottomans did not. (D) The Ottomans made Shia Islam the official state religion, while the Mughals made Buddhism the official state religion.
What is (B) The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.
200
All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT (A) geographic distribution of coal and iron (B) legal protection of private property (C) improved agricultural productivity (D) increased rights for laborers
What is (D) increased rights for laborers
200
Which of the following best supports the view of some world historians that the eighteenth century marked a major turning point in world history? (A) The beginning of European colonization of Africa (B) The beginning of the Wahhabi movement of Islamic renewal in Arabia (C) The beginning of European colonization of Australia and New Zealand (D) The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England
What is (D) The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England
200
“While the dynamic force in Globalization 1.0 was countries globalizing and the dynamic force of Globalization 2.0 was companies globalizing, the dynamic force in Globalization 3.0—the thing that gives it its unique character—is the newfound power for individuals to collaborate and compete globally.” Thomas Friedman, journalist, 2005 Which of the following contributed most to the development of the process that Friedman labels Globalization 3.0 ? (A) The invention of the Internet and the increased availability of personal computers (B) The creation of multinational corporations and international stock markets (C) The United Nations’ adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (D) The creation of supranational entities such as the European Union
What is (A) The invention of the Internet and the increased availability of personal computers
300
"The sons of the Turkish nobility became slaves of the Chinese people and their virgin daughters became bondmaids. The Turkish nobles abandoned their Turkish titles and received Chinese ones in their place. They submitted to the Chinese emperor, and for fifty years worked and strove on his behalf. For him they undertook expeditions toward the rising sun, and to the west as far as the Iron Gates [in Turkestan]. But to the Chinese . . . they surrendered their empire and their institutions.” Turkish stone inscription, Inner Mongolia, after conquest by the Tang dynasty, 679 C.E. The inscription above most likely had which of the following purposes? (A) To record the loss of Turkish social and political traditions (B) To establish the mutual economic benefits of the connection between Turks and Chinese (C) To warn against any resistance to the Turkish nobles (D) To show preference for Chinese titles and status
What is (A) To record the loss of Turkish social and political traditions
300
Which of the following most encouraged the development of new cities such as Cahokia along the Mississippi River, Swahili city-states on the East African coast, Venice on the Mediterranean coast, and Hangzhou on China’s coast during the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.? (A) Decreases in regional warfare (B) Intensification of regional trade (C) Migration of populations from pastoral
What is (B) Intensification of regional trade
300
"We have heard that in your own country opium is prohibited with the utmost strictness and severity—this is a strong proof that you know full well how hurtful opium is to humans. Since you do not permit it to injure your own country, you ought not to have the injurious drug transferred to another country, and above all others, not to China!” Qing government commissioner Lin Zexu to Queen Victoria of Great Britain, 1839 In the passage above, Lin Zexu is asking that the British do which of the following? (A) Provide treatment for opium addicts in China (B) Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China (C) Prevent all foreign trade from entering China (D) End the concessions made to Britain during the Opium Wars
What is (B) Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China
300
One important similarity between the American Revolution and the French Revolution is that they both (A) challenged monarchical governments (B) resulted in the abolition of slavery (C) resulted in the abolition of class divisions in society (D) enabled women to achieve political equality with men
What is (A) challenged monarchical governments
300
Which of the following was a new type of settlement that resulted most directly from the domestication of plants and animals in the Neolithic period? (A) Large, densely populated cities (B) Temporary shelters in caves and other naturally protected spaces (C) Small villages surrounded by agricultural fields (D) Trans-regional trade centers
What is (C) Small villages surrounded by agricultural fields
400
Some historians argue that the development of Islamic beliefs and practices in the seventh century reflected the influence of which of the following religions? (A) Christianity, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism (B) Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism (C) Buddhism, Judaism, and Hinduism (D) Buddhism, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism
What is (B) Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism
400
The transfer of which of the following as part of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800 ? (A) Sugarcane (B) Potatoes (C) Cattle (D) Tobacco
What is (A) Sugarcane
400
Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin’s 1859 work On the Origin of Species ? (A) It became the basis for scientific research of human development. (B) It provided a scientific explanation of the evolution of animals and plants. (C) It became the basis for all subsequent scientific research on species extinction. (D) It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
What is (D) It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
400
n China between 1958 and 1962, Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward, an effort to make China an industrial power through mass collectivization of agriculture, is best understood as an example of (A) an attempt by China to win favor with policy makers in the United States (B) a free-market policy designed to position China as a major power in a globalizing economy (C) market communism in which the state increasingly cedes control to businesses run by Communist Party associates (D) a communist government exerting control over the national economy
What is (D) a communist government exerting control over the national economy
400
The Roman artwork on walls, specifically the depiction of the sacking of Jerusalem by a Roman army in 70 C.E., was most likely intended for which of the following purposes? (A) To show the Romans’ respect for the religious symbols of Judaism (B) To convey the power of the Roman Empire (C) To express sympathy for defeated enemies (D) To portray the value of all ranks of Roman society
What is (B) To convey the power of the Roman Empire
500
Which of the following developments best explains why many historians argue that the Song dynasty period (960–1279 C.E.) was pivotal in the development of China as an economic world power? (A) The widespread use of gunpowder technology in combat began during the Song period. (B) The invention of movable-type printing took place during the Song period. (C) The Neoconfucian synthesis of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism was completed during the Song period. (D) China’s population doubled and Chinese urban centers experienced massive growth during the Song period.
What is (D) China’s population doubled and Chinese urban centers experienced massive growth during the Song period.
500
A sixteenth-century Mughal mosque in India built by Akbar is an example of which of the following? (A) Emergence of capitalist economies (B) Expansion of coercive labor systems (C) Creation of a global trade network (D) Cultural syncretism
What is (D) Cultural syncretism
500
Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India’s share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century? (A) Climate change that significantly altered the growing season (B) Disruption of production from disputes with labor unions (C) Competition from industrially produced British textiles (D) Religious opposition to capitalist modes of production
What is (C) Competition from industrially produced British textiles
500
Which of the following best supports the contention that the First World War was the first total war? (A) Governments mobilized large segments of their populations and economies and targeted their opponents’ military and economic capabilities. (B) The militaries of all major powers used the most advanced weaponry available to them. (C) All the major European powers were involved in the war. (D) Many of the countries on the victorious side of the war were weakened politically by the conflict.
What is (A) Governments mobilized large segments of their populations and economies and targeted their opponents’ military and economic capabilities.
500
“The inhabitants of the New World were bearers of no serious new infection transferable to the European and African populations that intruded upon their territory . . . whereas the abrupt confrontation with the long array of infections that European and African populations had encountered piecemeal across some four thousand years of civilized history provoked massive demographic disaster among Amerindians.” William McNeill, world historian, 1976 Which of the following best illustrates the argument described in the passage above? (A) Spanish and Portuguese plantation owners imported large numbers of African slaves to work their fields. (B) Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles. (C) Some Amerindian societies prior to European contact had high population densities and large urban centers of comparable scale to those in Europe. (D) The Spanish system of forced labor in mines such as those in Potosí resulted in thousands of deaths among the Amerindian population.
What is (B) Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles.