Biological
This part of the brain controls emotions.
What is the limbic system?
An individual embarking on complex tasks such as writing a novel despite lack of experience or talent, and speaking highly about their actions is an example of this.
What is grandiosity?
This anticonvulsant is an alternative to lithium.
What is Valproic acid (Depakote)?
This is a troublesome side effect of lithium but does not warrant discontinuation or trial of another agent.
What is weight gain?
Obsessions are controlled by this class of medications.
What are SSRIs?
This part of the nervous system plays a key role in fight-or-flight situations.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
During stressful situations, the SNS initiates physiological responses such as dilating pupils, increasing respiratory rate, increasing heart rate, while decreasing nonessential functions. The SNS response allows us to mobilize resources, preparing organs to meet high energy demands. While these stress responses are primarily adaptive, prolonged or over activation of the stress systems affects physical and mental health.
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day is considered this type of episode. During this period, there are three or more of the following (increased self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, more talkative, flight of ideas, etc.)
What is a manic episode?
This class of drugs may need to be given during mania.
What are antipsychotics?
(Refer to Allie case).
Combining this class with alcohol or other sedatives can cause coma or death.
What are benzodiazepines?
State a few examples of benzos:
SSRIs can cause this side effect when give to elderly patients.
What is hyponatremia?
This neurotransmitter is increased in psychotic states.
What is dopamine?
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day. Symptoms do not significantly impact daily functioning.
What is hypomania?
This medication could be given if the patient develops a drug-induced movement disorder.
What is an antiparkinsonian agent, such as benztropine (Cogentin)?
These are signs of lithium toxicity.
What are ataxia, blurred vision, severe diarrhea?
This potentially fatal blood disorder can occur when taking this drug class.
What is agranulocytosis from antipsychotics?
This neuroendocrine hormone is elevated in depression.
What is prolactin?
This disorder usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Hypomania episodes are present. The depressive symptoms do not meet criteria for major depressive episode. Neither meet the full criteria for bipolar or major depressive disorder.
What is cyclothymic disorder?
This drug class can cause abnormal movements, including dystonias (muscle spasms) that can be life-threatening.
What are antipsychotics?
These drugs are recommended for pediatric patients with bipolar disorder.
What are second generation antipsychotics?
This is the dangerous effect of MAOIs when given with other antidepressants.
What is a hypertensive crisis?
Increased levels of this excitatory neurotransmitter are associated with bipolar disorder.
This symptom of mania would warrant the nurse to offer food and fluid at frequent intervals.
What is excessive motor activity?
This drug has a narrow therapeutic window.
What is lithium?
Name examples of second-generation antipsychotics.
What are risperidone (Risperdal), aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril) and quetiapine (Seroquel)?
These are signs of agranulocytosis.
What are sore throat and fever?