Glycolysis
What are glucose and pyruvate?
The reaction that immediately precedes the citric acid cycle
What is the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA?
The process of building up molecules.
What is anabolism?
A reaction that removes intermediates from the citric acid cycle.
What is a cataplerotic reaction?
What is the equation connecting ΔG° and ΔE° (describe the equation)
What is the Faraday Equation?
ΔG° = -nFΔE°
The process that allows glycolysis to be completed anerobically
What is fermentation?
The reactant(s) and product(s) of the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase
What are reactants: isocitrate, NAD+, and H+
products: alpha ketoglutarate, NADH, and CO2
Electrons with a highly negative ΔE° have this amount of energy.
What is high energy?
In the presence of ADP, this will happen to the citric cycle.
What is upregulation?
An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups to and from ATP
What is a kinase?
The product(s) and reactant(s) of the reaction catalyzed by Phosphoglycerate Mutase.
What are products: 2-Phosphoglycerate
reactants: 3-Phosphoglycerate ?
What is Succinyl-CoA?
The aspect of FAD+ that makes it used over NAD+ in certain reactions
What is a stronger oxidizing agent?
The first step that creates a product in which a particular metabolic process is "locked in"
What is a committed step?
The reason why NADH cannot normally be replenished anaerobically.
What is NADH gets converted to NAD+ in the electron transport chain via O2?
The enzyme that is used to convert groups with a three carbon backbone.
What is Triose Phosphate Isomerase?
The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fumarate into malate.
What is fumarase?
Some reactions are coupled with ATP hydrolysis (in relation to ΔG°) because of this
What is a positive ΔG° value for the reaction?
The two reactions that use ATP to create PEP from pyruvate in gluconeogenesis.
What are carboxylation of pyruvate, then decarboxylation of oxaloacetate?
The two metabolic enzymes that use TPP as a cofactor
What are the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
What is creating two carbon fragments of equal size?
The # of each activated carrier produced by the citric acid cycle.
What are 3 NADH, 1FADH, and 1GTP (eq. to 1 ATP)?
The relationship between ΔG° of NADH and ΔG° of NADPH (same/is one higher or lower?)
What is the same value?
The "energy barrier" steps in glycolysis that must be overcome to perform gluconeogenesis
What are the pyruvate kinase step, the hexokinase step, and the phosphofructokinase step?
The characteristic of TPP that makes it so effective at converting pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA