Urban Resilience
Acute Shocks
Chronic Stress
Verbs
Passives
100

The situation in which everyone is treated fairly according to their specific personal needs.

Equity

100

Sudden shaking of the ground causing widespread damage

Earthquake

100

Gradual changes in weather patterns affecting ecosystems and livelihoods

Climate Change

100

Enhancing urban resilience involves __________ (invest) in infrastructure, services, and community capacities.

Investing

100

Green infrastructure __________ (use - present simple) to reduce the impact of urban heat islands.

is used

200

The situation in which men and women, people of different races, religions, etc. are all treated the same and have exactly the same opportunities.

Equality

200

Rapid spread of infectious diseases across countries (e.g., COVID-19).

Pandemic

200

Ongoing destruction of forests leading to biodiversity loss and ecological imbalance.

Deforestation

200

Ensuring access to clean water and sanitation is essential for __________ (maintain) public health.

maintaining

200

New regulations __________ (introduce - simple past) to ensure building codes are met.

were introduced

300

An approach whereby we deal with or treat the whole of something or someone and not just a part.

Holistic

300

Sudden increase in the number of disease cases in a specific, contained area.

Epidemic

300

A Student leaving school before completion of degree or diplomas

Dropout

300

After the tsunami, the city was able __________ (restore) electricity and water supplies in 24 hours.

to restore

300

The importance of urban resilience __________ (highlight - present perfect) in recent reports by international organizations.

has been highlighted

400

An approach whereby we deal with or treat someone or something in separate categories.

Siloed

400

Sudden overthrow of a government. ... clue, we didn't translate ;-)

Coup d'état

400

When there is not enough of a particular resource, which affects agriculture, industry, or households.

Scarcity or Shortages

400

By __________ (retrofit) older buildings, the city made them more energy-efficient and resilient to flooding.

retrofitting

400

Advanced technologies __________ (implement - future simple) to monitor and manage urban resources efficiently.

will be implemented

500
An extra profit or benefit that is not expected, but happily welcomed.

dividend

500

Rapid increase in prices causing economic instability

Sudden/Hyper Inflation

500

Persistent exclusion of certain groups from social, economic, and political life.

Marginalization

500

The coastal city should __________ (build) sea walls and restore wetlands to protect against rising sea levels.

build

500

A series of workshops __________ (hold - past continuous) to train residents in disaster preparedness

were being held