Praxis; Anatomy 2

Throat Stuff

100

During swallowing, this serves as a protective structure by dropping to cover the orifice of the larynx

Epiglottis

200

List three biological functions of the trachea

Closure so food/etc does not enter lungs, cough reflex to expel foreign substances, closure of VF to build subglottic pressure for lifting items/etc

300

This structure is the largest laryngeal cartilage and forms the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx

Thyroid cartilage

400

Name the two processes of the arytenoid cartilages

Vocal process and muscular process

500

These small, cone-shaped cartilages sit on the apex of the arytenoids and assist in reducing the laryngeal opening when a person is swallowing

Corniculate

Vocal Folds

100

The VF, which vibrate to produce sound, are housed in the _____

Larynx

200

The VF _____ (move toward the midline) and _____ (move away from the midline) as they vibrate

adduct; abduct

adduct = move toward midline, abduct = move away from the midline

abduction = abducted/taken away

300

The internal thyroarytenoid muscle is commonly referred to as _____.

Vocal folds

400

This muscle is the only intrinsic muscle of the larynx that ABducts the VF

Posterior cricoarytenoid

500

List the three main VF layers from superficial to deepest

Epithelium, lamina propria (superficial, intermediate, and deep), and vocalis muscle

Brain Stuff

100

The angular gyrus is located in the _____

Parietal lobe

200

This thick broad band of myelinated fibers connects the two hemispheres at their base

Corpus callosum

300

This controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body

Primary motor cortex (motor strip)

400

Internally, the brainstem consists of these three structures

Longitudinal fiber tracts, cranial nerve nuclei, and reticular formation

500

When an excessive amount of CO2 in the blood cells creates a need for O2, the _____ in the brainstem fires impulses to the respiratory muscles

Medulla oblongata

Bones

100

The rib cage consists of this many pairs of ribs

12

200

List the three parts of the sternum

Manubrium, corpus (body), and xiphoid process

300

All extrinsic laryngeal muscles are attached to this structure.

Hyoid bone

400

The _____ attach above the hyoid bone and the _____ attach below the hyoid bone

elevators (suprahyoid muscles); depressors (infrahyoid muscles)

500

List the numbers and names of the five segments of the vertebrae of the spinal column

7 cervical vertebrae; 12 thoracic vertebrae; 5 lumbar vertebrae; 5 sacral vertebrae (fused in adults and called the sacrum); 3-4 coccygeal vertebrae (fused and called the coccyx)

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Muscles

100

This muscle is the primary muscle of inspiration

Diaphragm

200

List the three muscles of the neck involved in the process of respiration

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, scalenes

300

Muscle fibers insert into the _____ of the diaphragm and contract to pull it down/forward to expand the thoracic cavity

Central tendon

400

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid are innervated by THIS cranial nerve

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) branch of cranial nerve X [vagus].

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve branch of X [vagus]

500

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles are primarily responsible for _____. Name the six intrinsic muscles of the larynx 

(Hint, 5/6 end in "--arytenoid").

Controlling sound production.

Thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, cricoTHYROID, posterior cricoarytenoid

T LC T O CT PC