Language is acquired with appropriate stimulation, response, and reinforcement; not an innate mechanism
What is the behavioral theory (Skinner)
100
Non-fluent, effortful, slow, halting and uneven speech (e.g., damage to Broadmans area 44 &45)
What is Broca's aphasia
100
Damage to the cerebellar system; characterized by articulatory prosodic problems; awkward gait, hypotonia; over/under shooting of targets; imprecise consonants; excessive and even stress; monopitch/monoloudness; drunken speech
What is ataxic dysarthria
100
Omission of noun possessive (e.g., "that the woman car)
What is AAE
100
Variation in vocal frequency
What is jitter
200
Syntactic structures are the essence of language & language is a product of the unique human mind
What is the Nativist theory (Chomsky)
200
Characterized by echolalia & perseveration; however, presents intact repetition skills
What is Transcortical Motor Aphasia
200
Damage to the motor units of cranial or spinal nerves that supply speech muscles (LMN); CN V, VII, IX, X, XII may be involved; breathy voice, mono pitch, monoloud, harsh voice, respiratory weakness
What is flaccid dysarthria
200
Double negatives are required (e.g., "I don't have no more)
What is Spanish Influenced English
200
Cycle to cycle variation in vocal intensity
What is shimmer
300
Children are born with a language acquisition device
What is the nativist theory
300
Characterized by limited spontaneous speech, severely impaired fluency and auditory comprehension; mostly unimpaired automatic speech if initiated and uninterrupted
Perfective construction to indicate action that has taken place (e.g., "I been known her)
What is AAE
300
Perceived on vowels and vocalic consonants
What is hypernasality
400
A mechanism which encodes stimuli from the environment, operates on interpretations of those stimuli ,stores the results in memory & permits retrieval of previously stored info
What is the information processing theory
400
Characterized by fluent speech with normal phrase length, good prosody, normal articulation; good repetition skills; echolalia of grammatically incorrect forms; impaired auditory comprehension; difficulty in pointing; normal automatic speech
What is transcortical sensory aphasia
400
Damage to the basal ganglia; mask-life face with infrequent blinking and no smiling; short, rapid, shuffling steps, decreased swallowing; imprecise consonants, repeated phonemes; reduced vital capacity;
What is hypokinetic dysarthria
400
Devoicing of final consonants (e.g., "bet/bed" "dose/doze")
What is AAE, SAE
400
Responsible for facilitating muscle movement (including speech); composed of corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts
What is the pyramidal system
500
Language knowledge is acquired through social interaction with more competent & experienced members of the child's culture
- Emphasizes modeling
What is the social interactionist theory (Vygotsky)
500
Disproportionate impairment in repetition (e.g., longer words, function words, etc); paraphasic speech, empty speech; good syntax, prosody, articulation; buccofacial apraxia
What is conduction aphasia
500
Bilateral damage to the UMN; bilateral facial weakness; hyperactive gag reflex; hyperadduction of VF's and inadequate VP port closure; imprecise articulation; reduced stres; distorted vowels; continuous breathy voice; pitch breaks; strained-strangled voice quality; hypernasality
What is spastic dysarthria
500
Singular present tense omission or addition (e.g., you goes inside)