Show:
Multicultural Awareness
Neurological Disorders
Dysphagia
AAC
Miscellaneous
100
Of the following utterances, which would be considered a true error of syntax and not a dialectal feature of African American English? a. "The baby shoe" b. "He like milk" c. "I might could go" d. "He wented home"
What is D. "He wented home" Syntactic features of AAE include unmarked possessive (a), unmarked third-person singular verbs (b), and double modals (c). Double irregular past tense (d) is not a feature of AAE.
100
The most common linguistic or language impairment associated with closed TBI is: a. Impaired word-finding or word-fluency skills b. Reduced auditory comprehension c. Syntactic errors d. Impairment in written expressions e. Impaired reading comprehension
What is A. Patients with closed TBI have sustained diffuse injury to multiple regions in the brain; likewise, generating words from given categories, or searching for the right word in conversation, also requires multiple regions of the brain.
100
Which of the following is not a phase of swallowing? a. Oral b. Pharyngeal c. Esophageal d. Laryngeal e. Oral predatory phase
What is D. although protection of the airway is critical aspect of safe swallowing, clinicians and clinical research do not identify any phase of the swallow as laryngeal.
100
Of the following items, which represents an unaided communication symbol? a. Line drawing symbols b. Vocalization c. Photographic symbol d. Speech-generating device e. Blissymbol
What is B. symbols can be categorized as aided or unaided. Unaided symbols do not require an external element; vocalizations, speech, gestures, and sign language are examples of unaided symbols.
100
Which of these is a motor speech disorder that causes difficulty in the brain's programming and planning of motor movements? a. Apraxia b. Ataxia c. Anoxia d. Hypoxia
What is A. Apraxia of speech is a MSD caused by neurological damage localized to the brain's left hemisphere, where the motor movements for speech are controlled.
200
Cultural differences are most prominent in which of the following linguistic elements? a. phonology b. morphology c. pragmatics d. syntax e. referential meaning
What is C. pragmatics Pragmatics is related to the use of language with regard to meaning and purpose. Therefore it is most affected by cultural differences.
200
When dysarthria is the result of a closed TBI, which type is the most likely to be present? a. Flaccid b. Hypokinetic c. Mixed d. Spastic e. Hyperkinetic
What is c. mixed Closed TBI causes shearing and stretching of axons, which context various regions of the brain and cerebellum. A "mixed" form of dysarthria is more likely to be associated with a closed TBI, because multiple regions of the brain and cerebellum are injured, as are axons connecting those regions.
200
When a patient is asked to stick out the tongue, the tongue deviates to the right. That means that the patients probably has a lesion on: a. The right cranial nerve of XII b. The left cranial nerve of XII c. The medulla bilaterally d. The pons bilaterally
What is a. right cranial nerve of XII The cranial nerve responsible for motor innervation of the tongue is the hypoglossal nerve (XII). With a R cranial nerve XII lesion, the action of the ipsilateral genioglossus muscle is compromised; thus, during tongue protrusion, only the left genioglossus muscle pushes the tongue out, causing it to deviate towards the right (weak) side.
200
In the hierarchy of symbolization, which of the following is the most iconic? a. Braile b. Written words c. Line drawings d. Photographs e. Sign language
What is D. symbol iconicity refers to how closely a symbol resembles its referent or the team or concept that it represents. High iconic symbols closely resemble its referent.
200
For a child to understand spoken language he or she hears, where must enough neural cell connections develop? a. Broca's area b. Wernicke's area c. Both d. Neither
What is B. Wernicke's area is a region in the human brain that must function properly for receptive language, that is, understanding the spoken language one hears.
300
Which one of the following is a predictable production for speakers of Asian languages as a result of language transfer? a. "He be to bed going now." b. "I see cat the little." c. "Yesterday she cook a pot of soup." d. "We no not be drivin' over there." e. "She ain't be not helping us with our project."
What is C. This would be a predictable utterance for a speaker of most Asian languages.
300
Confrontation naming drills are popular with some clinicians; however, in work on oral verbal expression, such activities: a. May not have lasting effects b. May not improve functional communication skills c. May facilitate single-word written responses d. a and b e. All of the above
What is d. a and b Confrontation naming drills have patients identify pictures or objects designated by the clinician. Research indicates that the activity may not have lasting effects or significantly influence functional communication skills. These drills are however useful for helping patients process from automatic responses of words and phrases to spontaneous production.
300
Which of the following is NOT used to diagnose dysphagia? a. Videofluoroscopic swallowing assessment b. FEES c. Digital laryngeal manipulation d. Bedside swallowing evaluation e. Ultrasonogrophy
What is C. Digital laryngeal manipulation This is a treatment for vocal hyper function and not an assessment tool for dysphagia.
300
In choosing vocabulary for individuals who use AAC, selecting words that are common and frequently used by a group or individuals is referred to as: a. Fringe vocabulary b. Informant vocabulary c. Individual vocabulary d. Core vocabulary e. AAC vocabulary
What is D. core vocabulary consists of the words and messages that are common and frequently used by a group of people.
300
Children with Down Syndrome often have some articulatory distortion, particularly with consonants like /s/. What is primarily due to? a. Mental characteristics b. Physical characteristics c. Behavioral characteristics d. Unknown sources
What is B. Children with Down Syndrome have physical characteristics produced by the chromosomal abnormality that causes this genetic syndrome. One such characteristic is a thick, protruding tongue, which can often interfere with articulation of consonants such as /s/.
400
A 14-year0old bilingual Spanish speaker who says, "I finish to watch television at 10 o'clock yesterday" is most probably displaying which of the following types of language transfers? a. Interlnguage b. Interference c. Fossilization d. Code switching e. Positive transfer
What is B. Language interference This is marked by Spanish syntax superimposed on an English expression. The utterance reflects Spanish syntax interference.
400
Anosognosia is a disorder in which patients may: a. Fail to notice contralesional limbs b. Deny hemiplegia c. Fail to claim ownership of contralateral limbs d. all of the above e. none of the above
What is d. all of the above Anosognosia may occur independently of neglect, but it usually occurs in concert with other signs of neglect. Patients may experience unconscious perception in that they are aware of body parts on an intellectual level but fail to acknowledge them on an emotional level.
400
The duration of swallowing apnea is longest in: a. Premature infants b. Full-term infants c. Young children d. Healthy young adults e. Healthy elderly people
What is e. Healthy elderly people In typical people, the functions of swallowing and respiration are well coordinated. As people age, the duration of swallowing apnea increases fro 1 second in healthy young adults to 7.8 to 10.0 seconds in healthy elderly people.
400
Communication boards for people with late-stage dementia should: a. combine words with pictures b. provide letters for spelling messages c. Display written words d. Display written phrases e. Communicate "yes" and "no"
What is A. combine words with pictures for patients with advanced dementia, the key to the usefulness of communication boards is creating the fewest memory demands. The goal is to create communication strategies that reduce distraction and allow for information to be chunked, such as combining words with pictures.
400
Of the following syndromes that can affect speech-language development, which one is classified as a metabolic disorder? a. Turner syndrome b. Hunter syndrome c. DiGeorge syndrome d. Klinefelter syndrome
What is B. Hunter syndrome. It is a metabolic disorder wherein the enzyme iduronate sulfates is lacking. Symptoms of this syndrome are progressive intellectual disability and progressive hearing loss.
500
Of the following statements, which is true with regard to ELLs? a. In order for such people to learn English, their parents should speak only English at home. b. Reading skills from the first language are the skills most easily transferred to English c. Learning a second language comes naturally with sufficient exposure and social interaction d. After adolescence, the ability to learn a second language is severely reduced.
What is B. Research has shown that reading transfers nicer readily from the first language ti the second language and that reading enhances second language development. All other statements are myths about learning a second language.
500
The most fundamental attentional deficit that can occur after right hemisphere damage is: a. Hyperarousal b. Hypoarousal c. Left-sided neglect d. Anosognosia
What is B. hypoarousal Reduced arousal inhibits environmental awareness, restricts focus of attention, and affects spatial and nonspatial attention attentional operations.
500
Which of the following is NOT an approach used to stimulate swallowing sensory awareness? a. texture b. temperature c. auditory d. taste e. touch pressure cues
What is C. auditory stimulation has not been shown to be an effective treatment tool to facilitate swallowing function.
500
Individuals who are in the recovery stage after a TBI generally benefit from: a. Electronic speech-generating devices b. Letter boards c. Context-specific communication displays d. Written word boards e. Line drawing boards
What is C. Individuals with TBI can develop a range of cognitive, linguistic, or motor deficits, or a combination of these. Providing AAC communication displays that relate to specific topics can assist in focusing the patient on relevant topics related to immediate needs.
500
Regarding cases of congenital deafness and hearing loss, which of these is correct? a. more than half of these cases are caused by environmental factors b. the majority of cases of genetic deafness are not due to syndromes c. More cases of genetic deafness are secondary to genetic syndromes d. Syndromic and non syndromic deafness are always genetic in origin
What is B. More than half of the cases of congenital deafness in the United States are genetic rather than environmental in origin. Of these cases of genetic deafness, the majority (70-80%) are non syndromic.