Research Methods
The ethical principle that participants must be told about the nature of the study before agreeing to participate.
What is informed consent?
The founder of psychoanalysis, he emphasized the unconscious and childhood experiences in his theories.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
These are specialized cells in the nervous system that send and receive neural messages.
What are neurons?
The brain’s ability to change and reorganize itself throughout one's lifespan.
What is neuroplasticity?
This type of effect inclines us to write down information that makes us be perceived as more favourable by others.
What is the social desirability bias?
A descriptive research method that examines one individual or group in depth.
What is a case study?
The founder of experimental psychology, he established the idea of voluntarism.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
The generation of a brief electrical signal within a neuron's axis.
What is an action potential?
This part of the brain maintains motor control, with it being one of the first areas to be impacted by alcohol.
What is the cerebellum?
This is an attachment style that is characterized by a low tolerance of emotional or physical intimacy, a strong need of independence, and suppression of emotional needs.
The “third variable problem” refers to the possibility that this explains the correlation between two variables.
What is a confounding variable?
Who is James Mark Baldwin?
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for this type of response.
What is fight-or-flight?
The "relay station" of the brain, which sends sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
What is the thalamus?
Most personality tests fall victim to this effect, as most of the results they give out are vague and applicable to large groups of people.
What is the Barnum effect?
When participants behave differently because they know they are being observed.
What is the Hawthorne effect (or demand characteristics)?
While working in the American advertising industry, he concluded that a product must be associated with an appealing image in order to be successful.
Who is John B. Watson?
This inhibitory neurotransmitter helps calm neural activity and reduces anxiety.
What is GABA?
This part of the brain deals with the 4 F's (feeling, fleeing, fighting, fornication)
What is the hypothalamus?
This principle takes effect when a student participates in class more after being praised by their teacher.
What is positive reinforcement?
The extent to which the results of a study can be applied to other people, settings, or times.
What is external validity?
The founder of neuropsychology. Well-known for her research that examines the temporal lobes and how they contribute to memory processing.
Who is Brenda Milner?
In which neurotransmitters move back to the releasing neuron where they are repackaged for later use.
What is reuptake?
While they have no specific function, they connect regions for higher cognitive function.
What is the association cortex?
While he was successful during his time, Freud's theories have been met with criticism; with them only being based on one specific demographic.
Who are upper-class Viennese housewives?