Nature of Science
what is the first step of the scientific method?
Observe your surroundings (observe a problem)
What is a homogeneous mixture? What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture has no visible divide between components. A heterogeneous mixture has visible separations between the different components.
What are ions? what is an anion? what is a cation?
An ion is an atom that has been given either a positive (known as a Cation) or negative (known as an Anion) charge
True or false: gas particles are strongly attracted to each other.
False. Gases lack strong attractive forces.
The energy of motion is divided into kinetic energy and _________ energy.
The energy of motion is divided into kinetic energy and potential energy.
What is a hypothesis?
A scientific explanation that can be tested using scientific methods.
what is the difference between an intensive versus an extensive property? Give examples.
An intensive property is independent of the amount of the substance available (Density, boiling point, color, etc.) while an extensive property is dependent of the amount of the substance available (Mass, volume, energy, etc.).
An ionic bond involves the ____ _____ of electrons between atoms.
An ionic bond involves the Complete Transfer of electrons between atoms.
What is the Kinetic Theory of Gases?
That all matter is made of particles that are in constant motion.
Define Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure:
Dalton's Law of Partial pressures - at constant volume and temperature, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures.
What is an independent variable? What is a dependent variable?
The independent variable is what is being changed in an experiment. The dependent variable is the part of the experiment that is being affected by the independent variable (your data).
What property of a substance describes how easily it can pour or how thick it is?
The viscosity of the substance
There are __ naturally occurring diatomic elements. give examples of at least two.
there are 7 total naturally occurring diatomic molecules. N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, and H2.
What attributes of a wave of light determines the type of light energy?
the wavelength and frequency
State at least one of the ideal gas constants (R)
0.821 L*atm/mol*k
8.31 L*kPa/mol*K
How can we wright 75,000,000,000 in scientific notation?
7.5 x 10^10
According to the Bohr model, how many electrons completely fill the first, second, and third electron shells?
1st - 2
2nd - 8
3rd - 8
what are the five types of chemical equations?
• Synthesis
• Decomposition
• Single Displacement
• Double Displacement
• Combustion
What are each of the different types of Light radiation?
• Gamma rays
• X rays
• Ultraviolet Light
• Visible light
• Infrared light
• Microwaves
• Radio waves
what is compressibility? are gases compressible?
What are the SI Units of Measurement for length, mass, and temperature?
Seconds for Time
Meters for Length
Kilogram for Mass
Ampere for Electric Current
Kelvin for Temperature
Mole for Amount of Substance
Candela for Luminous Intensity
the element Astatine has ____ valence electrons.
Astatine has 7 valence electrons
What scientific law states that matter and energy cannot be created nor destroyed?
Law of Conservation of Matter.
Antonie Lavoisier, in 1774.
What are X Rays and what are they used for?
X rays can penetrate thick objects, this makes them useful detecting anomalies in situational anatomy such as bones.
Name at least 3 of the 5 assumptions made in the kinetic theory of gases.
1. the particles of a gas are considered to be small with insignificant volume.
2. No attraction or repulsive forces exist between particles.
3. The motion of the particles in a gas is rapid, constant, and random.
4. All collisions between articles in a gas are elastic.
5. The average kinetic energy of a gas is proportional to the absolute temperature (Kelvin)