UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
What was the final destination of the Underground Railroad?
Canada (or Northern free states)
Name ONE reason the Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott.
(1) African Americans were not citizens OR (2) Congress couldn't ban slavery in territories
What law from the Compromise of 1850 stated that those helping runaway slaves would be fined or arrested?
The Fugitive Slave Act
Who won the presidential election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln
What does "secede" mean?
To withdraw or separate from the Union
What book angered slaveholders and why?
Uncle Tom's Cabin; because it portrayed slavery as cruel and inhumane
Name BOTH reasons the Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott.
(1) African Americans were not considered citizens; (2) Congress had no power to ban slavery in territories
Identify the Compromise of 1850 by its most famous law.
The Fugitive Slave Act (or name other parts: California admitted as free state, popular sovereignty in territories)
Which state seceded first from the Union?
South Carolina
Name 2 border states.
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia
What event sparked John Brown's trial and execution?
The raid on Harpers Ferry
Why was the Dred Scott decision so controversial?
It denied citizenship to African Americans and protected slavery's expansion, angering the North
How did the Compromise of 1850 try to satisfy both the North and South?
California admitted as free state (North); Fugitive Slave Act strengthened (South); popular sovereignty in other territories (both)
What did Lincoln send to Fort Sumter?
Supplies/provisions
Define "border states" and name all.
Slave states that bordered free states and remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War. The 5 are: Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, and West Virginia
What happened to Charles Sumner after his "Crime Against Kansas" speech?
He was beaten/caned by Preston Brooks on the Senate floor
How did the Dred Scott decision impact enslaved people?
It denied them citizenship rights and legal protection, strengthening slavery nationwide
How did the Compromise of 1850 affect the North?
The Fugitive Slave Act forced Northern citizens to participate in slavery enforcement, angering many
What event is known as "Bleeding Kansas"?
The violent fighting in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces (a mini civil war)
Why were the border states so strategically important during the Civil War?
They were located between North and South; their loyalty to the Union was crucial to Northern victory
Explain the connection between the Underground Railroad and the Fugitive Slave Act.
The Fugitive Slave Act made it illegal to help runaway slaves, directly threatening the Underground Railroad's mission
How did the Dred Scott decision push the nation toward civil war?
It inflamed sectional tensions by protecting slavery expansion, convincing many Northerners that slavery could never be stopped through courts
Was the Compromise of 1850 ultimately successful? Explain.
No; it temporarily delayed conflict but deepened tensions, leading to Bleeding Kansas and eventual civil war
Who was responsible for killing 5 pro-slavery men during Bleeding Kansas?
John Brown
What event caused secession to begin? Why? Which state was the first to secede?
The election of Lincoln, they felt like they had no voice in the national government. South Carolina