What has changed?
There is a huge difference in shopping before and after pandemic. How? What is the difference? Where did the people started buying things?
People shifted from shopping in stores to buying online through websites and delivery services.
How was inflation behaving before COVID-19?
Inflation was generally moderate, often below central bank targets in advanced economies; low energy prices helped keep it in check.
How was school systems worldwide handeling with pandemic?
Schools worldwide moved to online or hybrid learning, using digital platforms to continue education during closures. Generally prefering digitalizing the education.
Governments spent less money on doctors and hospitals after the pandemic. True or false?
False of course
How did technology adoption change worldwide due to the pandemic?
Rapid digitalization in work, education, healthcare, and commerce.
How did healthcare investment differ pre- versus post-pandemic?
Pre: Moderate spending. Post: Increased spending to strengthen systems and prepare for future crises.
What were the main trends in the global economy before the COVID-19 pandemic?
Stable global growth, moderate inflation, trade tensions (US-China), rising digital economy
Which sectors were most negatively impacted by COVID-19?
Tourism, hospitality, airlines, retail stores, and entertainment were hit hardest.
How quickly did economies recover after COVID-19?
Recovery was gradual and uneven; some countries bounced back faster due to stimulus measures and vaccine rollouts.
International migration and mobility were heavily restricted worldwide, slowing global movement.
True or false?
True of course
How did work arrangements differ before the pandemic compared to during it?
Pre: Mostly in-office work. During: Widespread remote work.
How did key economies (USA, EU, China) perform before the pandemic?
USA: steady growth, low unemployment.
EU: slow but positive growth.
China: moderate slowdown from previous rapid expansion.
How did government debt levels change during the pandemic?
Debt increased significantly due to emergency spending and economic support programs.
What impact did the pandemic have on inflation in 2021–2023?
Inflation increased due to supply chain disruptions, high demand, and previous stimulus measures.
How did global healthcare systems respond to COVID-19?
Hospitals were overloaded, and governments invested heavily in vaccines and emergency care.
How did unemployment change from during the pandemic to after it?
During: High unemployment. Post: Gradually decreased, some sectors still short-staffed.
How stable were supply chains and labor markets before the pandemic?
- Supply chains globally optimized for efficiency, but vulnerable to disruption.
- Labor markets stable with low unemployment in most developed countries.
How did the pandemic affect global supply and demand?
Supply disrupted due to factory closures and logistics issues.
Demand fell for travel and hospitality, rose for digital products and home goods.
What permanent structural changes emerged post-pandemic?
Remote/hybrid work, increased digitalization, supply chain diversification, and greater focus on automation.
How did global GDP change during the pandemic?
It fell sharply in 2020, causing recessions in many countries.
How did inflation behave before versus after the pandemic?
Pre: Moderate and stable. Post: Inflation increased due to supply chain issues and high demand.
Before the pandemic, most developed countries had this economic indicator at a historically low level, meaning most people who wanted jobs could find them.
Unemployment
How did the pandemic impact international trade and globalization?
Trade volumes declined temporarily.
Shortages in key goods revealed reliance on specific countries.
How did supply chains adapt post-pandemic?
Companies diversified suppliers, increased stockpiles, and invested in automation and logistics technology.
How did technology and remote work affect post-pandemic productivity?
Productivity improved in some sectors through digital tools, but collaboration challenges persisted in others.