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Quantitative
Qualitative
Sampling Methods
IV, DV, EV
Repeated & Independent
100

List the four types of experiments.

Natural, true, field, quasi

100

What is one limitation of an observation?

Answers vary. Researcher bias, demand characteristics

100
What is random sampling?

The process of selecting groups that are as equal as possible.

100
Identify the IV: The effect of stress on the immune response
Stress
100

Define repeated measures

Participants are exposed to both conditions

200

What is the difference between natural and field experiments?

In a natural experiment, the independent variable cannot be manipulated (other reasonable answers are acceptable).

200

What is a case study?

This is an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles 

200

What is the dif between experimental and control group

What is experimental group is exposed to treatment while control group is not

200

What is the dependent variable? Effect of music on concentration

Concentration

200

Define independent measures

Participants are only exposed to one condition
300

Name one strength and limitation of a quasi-experiment.

Strength - Can be more ethical than a true design, for example randomly assigning people into smoking and non-smoking groups will be unethical, while taking people who already smoke as the group will be more ethical.

Limitation - Not random sample. 

Other answers may be acceptable

300

What is a strength of a survey?

Qualitative or quantitative

Large numbers of people 

Various answers!

300

What is the independent variable?


The variable that the experimenter controls/manipulates

300
I am studying the effect of caffeine on grades. List two extraneous variables

Sleep, individual differences, motivation - can be lots.

300

one limitation of repeated measures?

order effects

400

Give an example of a true experiment

Loftus and Palmer (other examples are possible)

400

One limitation of a case study?

Can't generalize, hard to replicate

400

What is volunteer sampling?

When participants respond to an advertisement for a research study

400
How would you operationalise the IV? Effect of stress on grades. 

Stress, as measured by self-reported stress levels on a scale of 1-10. 

400

Limitation of independent measures?

Any of... 

  • Avoids order     effects (such as practice or fatigue) as people participate in one     condition only.  If a person is involved in several conditions, they     may become bored, tired and fed up by the time they come to the second     condition, or wise to the requirements of the experiment
  • No order of     experiment
  • Lower risk of     demand characteristics
  • Same test/     materials can be used
  • Less time/ money     than within subjects design
  • Increased external     validity because more participants are used 
500

Identify what type of experiment should be used in this aim.

Aim: To measure the effect of high teacher expectation on the educational performance of pupils.


Field

500

When are interviews more appropriate than surveys?

In depth data on a certain topic. Small group of people. Can be anything really

500

What is a limitation of purposive sampling?

Researcher bias may be present

500

Operationalise the DV in this question: Effect of diet on immune system response

Number of sick days taken over the past 4 months. OR cortisol levels in blood tests

500

Effect of music on concentration levels - would a repeated measures design be more appropriate or an independent measures design? WHY?

Either is but must be justified.