Diabetica
Hemoglobin A1C tests glucose levels for how long?
3 months
What is an oral medication that is taken with Diabetes?
Metformin
Juice. Beer. Vodka
Soda. Glucose gel. 0.45% sodium. Glucagon
D50W
Juice, soda, glucose gel, glucagon, D50W
What does blood sugar need to be below before surgery?
200
What causes DVTs and what assessments do you do?
Not moving around
Assess for edema, redness, and pain
When should a diabetic not exercise?
When blood sugar is above 250 or there are ketones in the urine
What are the criteria for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?
Hypo - <70
Hyper - >180
What are 3 complications of diabetes?
Retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy
What are some risk factors for VTE? Select all that apply:
Obesity. Alcoholism. Age. Hx of cancer.
Blood thinners. Decreased mobility. Hx of VTE.
Smoking.
What causes post-op hypovolemia and what assessments do you do?
Blood loss and being NPO
Assess for hypotension and tachycardia, skin turgor, urine output
How often should the needle on an insulin pump be changed?
Every 2 to 3 days
When should a diabetic call their doctor on a sick day?
Glucose >240, fever >101.5, disoriented, rapid breathing, vomiting more than once, ketones in urine
What should a diabetic do to care for their feet?
(Hint: there are 4)
Wash and inspect daily, dry thoroughly, no lotion between toes, wear shoes and socks at all times
What are some symptoms of malignant hyperthermia?
Muscle rigidity. Rhabdo. Oliguria.
High fever. Metabolic acidosis. Respiratory acidosis.
Hypotension.
All of them!
What causes post-op paralytic ileus and what assessments do you do?
Assess bowel sounds, they will be absent
What are the criteria for diagnosing diabetes?
- symptoms of diabetes and a random blood sugar of 200 or greater
- fasting blood sugar of 126 or greater
- 2 hour post prandial blood sugar of 200 or greater
- A1C of 6.5% and greater
How does Metformin work to help diabetics?
List the following as mild, moderate, or severe symptoms of hypoglycemia:
Sweating. Lightheaded. Irritability. Tachycardia
Disorientation. Loss of consciousness. Hunger
Slurred speech. Double vision. Seizures
Mild - sweating, tachycardia, hunger
Moderate - lightheaded, slurred speech, Irritability, double vision
Severe - disorientation, seizures, loss of consciousness
What are some treatments for malignant hyperthermia?
Monitor vitals and ABGs, stop anesthesia, hyperventilate with 100% O2, administer Dantrolene (muscle relaxer), cool patient, sodium bicarb
What causes post-op urinary retention and what assessments do you do?
Anesthesia
I&O, bladder scanner, oliguria, pain
Which of these are side effects of insulin?
Dizziness. Fainting. Lipodystrophy
Rash. Irregular heartbeat. Hypoglycemia
Sweating. Tremors
Dizziness, lipodystrophy, irregular heartbeat, sweating, hypoglycemia
Categorize these types of insulin into rapid, short, intermediate, and long-acting:
Humalog [lispro]. Levemir [detemir]. Regular
Lantus [glargine]. Humulin N.
Novolog [aspart]. Humulin R
Rapid - Humalog, Novolog
Short - Regular, Humulin R
Intermediate - Humulin N
Long - Lantus, Levemir
What treatments are used for DKA?
Rehydration. Administer K.
Normal saline. Insulin IV.
Monitor lung sounds. Hourly blood sugar monitoring
Rehydration, administer K, insulin IV, monitor lung sounds, hourly blood sugar monitoring
What are some nursing interventions following a thyroidectomy?
(Hint: there are 4)
Elevate HOB, avoid neck flexion, iodine toxicity, tracheostomy tray at bedside
What are some interventions to prevent a DVT?
Ambulation, compression devices, TED hose, leg exercises, anticoagulants