Anatomy & Physiology
What organ pumps blood throughout the human body?
What is the heart
What molecule is commonly called the "energy currency" of the cell?
Answer: What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
What molecule contains the genetic instructions used by cells?
Answer: What is DNA?
Who is often called the "Father of Medicine" and is associated with the Hippocratic Oath?
Answer: Who is Hippocrates?
Which organelle is responsible for producing most ATP in a typical human cell?
Answer: What is the mitochondria?
What is the largest organ of the human body?
Answer: What is the skin?
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Answer: What are proteins?
During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
Answer: What is the S phase?
Who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine?
Who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine?
Answer: Who is Edward Jenner?
Question: If a solution has a pH of 3, is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
Answer: What is acidic?
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation?
Answer: What is the left ventricle?
What organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through aerobic cellular respiration?
Answer: What is the mitochondrion?
If a person has two different alleles for a gene, what term describes their genotype?
What is Heterozygous?
Which scientist's work with bacteria and vaccination helped establish the germ theory of disease?
Answer: Who is Louis Pasteur.
A red blood cell is placed into a solution with a much lower solute concentration than the cell. Water moves into the cell and causes it to swell. What type of solution is the cell in?
Answer: What is a hypotonic solution?
A patient has difficulty breathing because the alveoli in their lungs cannot efficiently exchange gases. Which two gases normally move across the alveolar-capillary membrane?
Answer: What are oxygen and carbon dioxide?
If the pH of a solution decreases from 7 to 5, has the hydrogen ion concentration increased or decreased?
Answer: What is increased?
+50 points more if they say: A decrease of 2 pH units means the H⁺ concentration increases by 100×.
In a typical Mendelian cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa), what percentage of offspring are expected to be homozygous recessive?
Answer: What is 25%?
Which nurse became famous for improving sanitation and patient care during the Crimean War?
Answer: Who is Florence Nightingale?
A researcher observes that increasing the concentration of a drug causes a proportional increase in its effect until the effect reaches a maximum. What concept best explains why the effect eventually stops increasing?
Answer: What is receptor/enzyme saturation?
A patient's blood pressure suddenly drops. Which hormone would increase sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys, helping increase blood volume and blood pressure?
What is aldosterone?
Question: An enzyme normally functions best at pH 7. If its environment changes to pH 2, its activity dramatically decreases because its three-dimensional structure is disrupted. What has most likely happened to the enzyme?
Answer: What is denaturation?
A mutation occurs in a DNA sequence but does not change the amino acid produced during translation. What type of mutation is this?
Answer: What is a silent mutation?
Question: Which physician performed the famous experiments that demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori can cause peptic ulcers?
Answer: Who is Barry Marshall?
Bonus 50 points: He famously drank a culture containing the bacteria himself to demonstrate the connection.
A researcher wants to determine whether a new drug actually causes a reduction in blood pressure. Which study design provides the strongest evidence that the drug itself caused the observed effect?
Answer: What is a randomized controlled trial?