The Basics/Social Science
How do you "professionally" refute science?
Hint: opinion is irrelevant
What is science! Only better science can refute science (opinion is irrelevant unless it is supported by science)
Name the three major data sources on crime?
What is UCR/NIBRS, NCVS, & Self-Report!
What is Crime?
Crime: an action punishable by law, changes over time and place.
or
Crime: an action or behavior that is prohibited by law
What is Deterrence and does it work as a method of reducing recidivism?
Deterrence is punitive sanctions to prevent offenders from future criminal acts and it generally does not reduce recidivism.
What is the standard of proof needed in Civil Cases?
Hint: it is about 51% proof
What is Preponderance of evidence!
True or False: There will always be limitations in research.
What is true!
Which source of crime data is the oldest?
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
What is Law?
Law: a written set of rules that structure society, a form of social contract that everyone is expected to follow
What is incapacitation and does it work as a method of reducing recidivism?
Incapacitation is the removal from society or restraining of an offender in hopes to prevent them from reoffending. It does not reduce recidivism because it does not address the root causes of crime.
Out of the 4 goals of the CJS (deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and retribution), which ones are achieved by Capital Punishment?
Hint: 2 of them are achieved!
What is incapacitation and retribution!
Recite the entire cycle of knowledge
Opinion—->Theory—->Data/Empirical Evidence—->Fact/Science
What do UCR, NIBRS, & NCVS, stand for?
Uniform Crime Report
National Incident-Based Reporting System
Nation Crime Victimization Survey
What is criminology?
Criminology: the study of crime, its root causes, and its typology
What is retribution and does it work as a method of reducing recidivism?
Retribution seeks revenge for the wrongs an offender has committed. It does not address the root causes of crime.
What is the standard of proof needed in a criminal case?
What is Beyond A Reasonable Doubt!
True or False: Social science allows for an informed opinion because it can definitively prove something is a fact.
What is false; nothing is definitely proven in social science.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
What is ideology?
Ideology: a set of opinions and beliefs about how the world is or how it should be
What is rehabilitation and does it work as a method of reducing recidivism?
Rehabilitation seeks to help the offender reform and move on from their life of offending. It does reduce recidivism and is perhaps the only method that addresses the root causes of crime.
What are the two elements of criminal law?
Hint: think actus reus and mens rea
Physical - done the harm
Mental - deliberately done the crime
Why is it important to read peer-reviewed studies?
Because they have been checked for accuracy and line of reason by other professions in the same field.
Which Data source best addresses the dark-fighure of crime?
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Criminology overlaps with 7 other academic disciplines. Name 5 of these disciplines.
Criminology overlaps the disciplines of sociology, psychology, biology, public administration, political science, statistics, and law.
Which of the four major goals best epitomizes the actions of the Criminal Justice System?
What is Deterrence!
How many important criminological theories have we learned in the class?
What is 14!
Theories:
Biological Theories of Crime
Social Disorganization Theory
Anomie and strain theory
Techniques of neutralization
Routine Activities Theory
Differential association
Social learning
General strain theory
Labeling Theory
Social Bond theory
Self-control theory
Age-graded theory of informal social control
Opportunity theory
Deterrence and Rational Choice Theory