Interactions
These type of interactions increase the fitness of one organism at the expense of another.
What are Exploitative Interactions?
What is an Arms Race?
Hares have a reduction in this during the low phase when lynx density is low due to poor nutritional quality of food during the peak.
What is Reproduction?
To reduce predation, prey animals will either avoid predators using camouflage, remaining quiet, or habitat selection or do this, through flight, approach, or fighting.
What is Encounter Predator?
This kind of effect was observed when testing the competition between bats and birds as predators of arthropods.
What is a Direct Effect?
In predator-prey cycles, the predator is always behind the prey, called this.
What is a lag?
Lynx are specialists on hares, while coyotes are this type of predator. They hunt at different population phases, and coyotes end up killing more than they can eat.
What is a Generalist?
Some predators actively hunt, and are considered top predators, while some are this type of predator that patiently wait for prey to come to them.
When observing the effect that predation of elks from wolves had, it was found that there was an indirect change in the elk populations. This is an example of these effects.
What are Risk Effects?
A physical location providing shelter, a change in elevation, dilution in a group, size, or a behavioral change can all be considered this, a way to avoid predator frequented areas.
What is Refugia?
In hares, high predation risk during the decline phase results in high cortisol, poor body condition, and reduced immunity, leading to this hypothesis.
What is the Chronic Stress Hypothesis?
Experience hunting a certain type of prey helps predators more easily recognize them, leading to a better version of this.
What is a Search Image?
This type of effect arises when predation of one species leads to an increase in fitness or survival of another.
What is a Predator-Mediated Effect?
This type of predator can dominate an ecosystem and lead to an imbalance if the population of the apex predator is reduced or lost altogether.
What is a Mesopredator?