Unit 1 and 2
The format for a hypothesis
If IV then DV
6CO2+6H20= C6H12O6+6O2 (Photosynthesis)
C6H12O6+6O2= 6CO2+6H2O (Cellular Respiration)
Name the DNA or RNA structure
Sugar (Deoxyribose)[DNA] or Ribose [RNA], Phosphate and a nitrogen base (Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine [DNA only], and Uracil [RNA only]
What are some of the laws of Mendelian genetics?
Law of dominance, segregation and independent assortment.
What are the criteria of life?
1) Be composed of one or more cells
2) Contain either DNA or RNA
3) Be capable of both growth and reproduction
4) Demonstrate the ability to react to outside stimuli
5) Ability to adapt to the environment
6) Must have a metabolism
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur
The six elements essential for life
Structure of an ATP model
Nitrogen base (Adenine), Sugar ring (Ribose), 3 phosphate groups held together with high energy bonds.
What does the DNA polymerase do?
Adds nucleotides to RNA primer
What is a homozygous allele?
2 of the same alleles, Ex. AA or aa
What are the criteria for life?
1) Be composed of one or more cells
2) Contain either DNA or RNA
3) Be capable of both growth and reproduction
4) Demonstrate the ability to react to outside stimuli
5) Ability to adapt to the environment
6)Must have a metabolism
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acid
Types of macromolecules
Trophic levels
Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers tertiary consumers.
What enzymes are needed for DNA replication to function?
Helicase, primase, DNA polymerase and ligase
What are some exceptions to Mendel's laws?
Incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits.
An organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere.
Levels of ecological organization
Examples of passive transport and active transport
PT: Diffusion, osmosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic.
AT: Molecular pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
Structure of a chloroplast
Grana, stroma, and the thylakoid membrane
What is the purpose of translation?
Read/follow the instructions carried on by the mRNA to make a protein
Name 5 types of genetic engineering.
Cloning, gene therapy, stem cells, selective breeding, and hybridization.
What are the stages of the water cycle?
Precipitation, runoff, infiltration, evaporation, transpiration and condensation
List the cell cycle in order
Interphase, mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
What goes into the mitochondria to make ATP?
CO2 and H2O
How does Meiosis happen?
PMAT twice
List two examples of autosomal recessive disorders.
Cystic fibrosis, PKU, and phenylalanine.
What are the stages of the carbon cycle?
Photosynthesis, cellular respiration, consumption, combustion, decomposition and fossilization