Fixing my DNA Problems
This repair system fixes replication errors that escape proofreading.
What is mismatch repair?
This process exchanges DNA between homologous sequences and increases genetic diversity.
What is homologous recombination?
This sequencing method uses chain-terminating nucleotides to determine DNA sequence.
What is Sanger sequencing?
This RNA polymerase subunit allows recognition of promoters in bacteria.
What is the sigma factor?
This operon allows E. coli to metabolize lactose.
What is the lac operon?
This enzyme recognizes mismatched base pairs and binds DNA first in mismatch repair.
What is MutS?
This protein binds ssDNA and promotes strand invasion during recombination.
What is RecA?
These modified nucleotides lack a 3’-OH group, stopping DNA synthesis.
What are ddNTPs (dideoxynucleotides)?
This DNA sequence in eukaryotes is recognized by TBP during transcription initiation.
What is the TATA box?
This molecule binds the lac repressor and prevents it from binding DNA.
What is allolactose?
This feature allows the repair system to distinguish the newly synthesized DNA strand from the template in E. coli.
What is hemimethylation (Dam methylation at GATC sites)?
This structure forms during recombination and represents a crossover of DNA strands.
What is a Holliday junction?
This sequencing method uses fluorescently labeled reversible terminators with blocked 3’ ends.
What is reversible terminator sequencing?
This RNA processing step removes introns and joins exons together.
What is RNA splicing?
This complex activates transcription when glucose is low by binding cAMP.
What is the CRP (CAP)–cAMP complex?
This enzyme removes damaged bases by cleaving the glycosidic bond during BER.
What is a DNA glycosylase?
This enzyme complex processes double-strand breaks to generate 3’ overhangs.
What is RecBCD?
In this sequencing method, fluorescence is detected from nucleotides as they are incorporated in real time at the polymerase.
What is SMRT sequencing (single-molecule real-time sequencing)?
This structure forms during splicing when the intron loops back on itself.
What is a lariat?
This enzyme extends telomeres using an internal RNA template.
What is telomerase?
This enzyme introduces a nick specifically in the unmethylated strand during mismatch repair after activation by MutSL.
What is MutH?
This protein resolves Holliday junctions by cleaving DNA at specific opposing strands.
What is RuvC?
This concept refers to the average number of times each nucleotide is read in sequencing.
What is sequencing depth?
This complex of proteins and RNA catalyzes splicing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes.
What is the spliceosome?
This cellular mechanism uses Dicer and RISC to silence gene expression post-transcriptionally.
What is RNA interference (RNAi)?