People
The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society.
Culture
The majority of the world's population that is involved in agriculture is involved in what type of agriculture?
Subsistence farming
Name all the Earth's systems
Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere
What are the three elements of the fire triangle?
Oxygen, fuel, heat
These trap heat energy and re-radiate it back into the earth's atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases
What is globalisation?
The integration of global economics, industries, markets, culture and policies making around the world through a global network of trade, communication, immigration, and transportation.
What is place?
Place is used to describe a specific location: a physical environment, a building or locality of special significance, or a particular region or location. The term can be used for locations at almost any geographic scale, depending on context
What is infrastructure?
all the structures associated with utilities (water, electricity, gas, telecommunications) and transport (road, rail, water)
What are all the different parts in the atmosphere? (In order)
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
What type of natural hazard is a fire?
Atmospheric
What is the Anthropocene Epoch?
Unofficial geologic time interval characterized as when humanity began to substantially alter Earth's surface.
A model that shows historical changes in birth and death rates and is used to explain rapid population growth.
The demographic transition model
Name at least FOUR features that create culture of place
Architecture
Streetscape
Noise
Colour
Lifestyles
Histories
Indigenous cultures
Cultural diversity
Street life
Energy
Vitality
What is a TNC? Name at least 2 examples
Transnational Corporation
What are the six steps of the water cycle.
Explain them
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, interception, infiltration, percolation, transpiration and runoff.
What are four factors that influence the severity of the fire/the course of the fire?
Amount of rainfall
Wind
Humidity
Temperature
List four pieces of evidence for climate change
Rising Global Temperatures
Rising Sea Levels
Ocean Acidification
More Extreme Weather Events
Glaciers Retreating
Ice Caps Melting
What four factors influence birth and death rates?
Education and status of women
Standard of living
Government policy
Religion, society and customs
Is the culture of a place dynamic or static?
Dynamic - give an example
Why infrastructure is not spread evenly around the world?
Geography: Natural features like mountains, rivers, and coastlines can impact the placement of infrastructure.
Economic Factors: Wealth of a place or country and economic activities in an area can influence the development of infrastructure.
Population Density: The number of people in an area can affect the need for and distribution of infrastructure.
Government Policies: Government decisions and policies play a role in determining where infrastructure is built.
How does topography affect climate and rainfall?
An area’s landscape can significantly alter the wind and precipitation patterns, resulting in diverse microclimates.
Mountain ranges act as barriers, influencing the direction and strength of winds while affecting the distribution of precipitation. Canyons, on the other hand, can channel and amplify winds, leading to powerful gusts. The altitude of mountains and plateaus exposes them to cooler temperatures, which can impact the overall climate of the region.
Additionally, coastlines and bodies of water can create microclimates, with regions closer to the water experiencing milder temperatures and more moisture.
Explain what a crown fire is
What are the two types of land cover change?
Give examples of each
Human:
Deforestation
Urbanisation
Natural:
Non-anthropogenic climate change
Geophysical processes
Plant Succession
Fire
Pests
A stage within the DTM model that exhibits low death and birth rates related to improving economic conditions.
Stage 3 on the DTM
What are the suburbs which make up Green Square?
Zetland and parts of Alexandria, Waterloo, Beaconsfield and Rosebery
What caused an explosion in world trade after the 1950s?
Advances in transport
Telecommunication based technologies: internet, phones, fax
How do catchment run offs affect rivers?
Change in soil/surface storage - inputs eroded material, nutrients, organic matter
Run-off mostly is caused by precipation and the way it enters the river can depend on soils, vegetation cover, natural processes and land management
Name the four common bushfire mitigation strategies
prescribed burning
mechanical clearing, such as slashing, thinning and mowing
chemical control or spraying, through both on-ground and aerial delivery
grazing by animals.
Why does deforestation occur? List at least THREE
Make way for agriculture, animal grazing, accomodate urban expansion, provide wood for fuel, construction and industrial processes
What is a developing country?
A low‐income country with an economy that is largely based on agriculture, which may be going through the demographic transition, is often in the process of industrialization, and usually has few resources to spare to solve its own socio‐economic and environmental problems.
Outline the culture of Green square
Industrial and agricultural
Lower class changing to middle class
Upcoming and new
Housing Commission
Terrace houses
Mix of ethnicities
Hipster
What is the difference between a world city and a megacity?
Megacities are classified by size (population over 10 million) whereas world city status is based on economic and political factors.
What is the asthenosphere
A physical layer of the Earth that lies below the lithosphere. It comprises part of the mantle between 100km and 250km in depth.
What was the federal and state response to the bushfires?
Federal Govt: established a royal commission into the bushfires. It contained 80 recommendations, categorised into Commonwealth and State or Territory responsibilities
State: established an independent expert inquiry into the 2019-2020 bushfire season. The inquiry made 76 recommendations
What is desertification?
Desertification is a type of gradual land degradation of fertile land into arid desert due to a combination of natural processes and human activities. The immediate cause of desertification is the loss of most vegetation.
Explain how India's population is different to Italy's using example
Italy: Low birth rate
What is gentrification? Name a suburb that has been affected by it (NOT IN GREEN SQUARE)
The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in
Redfern, Mascot, Little Bay, The Rocks
What is cultural imperialism and which country is the most guilty of this and what is an example of it?
The process whereby one country/region imposes its own culture on other countries/regions to reshape the receiver's culture.
USA
Impact of USA technologies - Apple, Microsoft, Google, Meta, Uber, Amazon
Popular culture - Film and music, Fashion
Food - Macdonalds, KFC, Burger King, Coca Cola
Explain the difference between mountains formed by folding and those formed by faulting
Fold: when two tectonic plates of the Earth’s crust collide, they fold over each other and form fold mountains.
Fault:Fault block mountains are formed when large blocks of rock are moved along a fault line, while folded mountains are formed when layers of rock are compressed and bent into folds by the forces of plate tectonics.
How do fires make their own weather? What is the name of the cloud that they create?
The fire releases enormous amounts of heat causing air to rise rapidly in the smoke plume. If a fire encompasses a large enough area (called “deep flaming”), the upward movement of hot air can cause the fire to interact with the atmosphere above it, potentially forming a pyrocloud. This consists of smoke and ash in the smoke plume, and water vapour in the cloud above.
pyrocumulonimbus clouds
What percent of glaciers have melted?
68%