Meanings of health
Identify the 5 dimensions of health.
Physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual.
Identify the 4 categories of health determinants.
individual, sociocultural, socioeconomic, environmental
Identify some challenges that young people experience.
gaining an education, relationships, puberty, employment, mental health, gaining independence
What is the WHO's definition of health promotion?
enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
What is meant by the phrase ‘prevention is better than cure’?
It is better to spend money and resources to avoid getting sick in the first place, rather than treating someone once they are already ill.
Health is considered a holistic concept. What is meant by the term holistic?
It means focusing on the whole, not just the physical aspect of health. It takes into account the various dimensions of health and how they interrelate (affect one another).
Health is considered a social construct. What does this mean?
An individual's health is a determined by a range of influences such as family, friends, location, education etc.
List some reasons for the difference in the mortality rates between young males and females.
Males are more likely to abuse substances, take risks on the road and suicide. Males are also less likely to seek medical attention and work in more dangerous environments.
- smoking/lung cancer, mental illness, road accidents
Smoking - increase cost of cigarettes, banning of smoking in public places, quit advertisments
Free gyms in office buildings, healthy food canteens and parks with outdoor exercise equipment are all examples of which action area?
Creating supportive environments
What is the World Health Organisation's definition of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Select 2 determinants and explain how they can impact health status.
Socioeconomic status - a high level of income and education enables people to be able to afford good health care such as access to a dentist and healthy food.
Media - can have a negative impact on mental health as people often compare themselves to unrealistic examples online.
Outline the difference between a risk and protective factor. Provide examples.
Risk factor - behaviours and characteristics which increase the risk of poor health (e.g. high fat diet, smoker, stressful job)
Protective factor - behaviours and characteristics which reduce the risk of poor health (e.g. balanced diet, regular physical activity, education)
What is the name of the framework used for effective health promotion? Identify the 5 action areas.
Ottawa Charter - developing personal skills, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, reorienting health services, building health public policy
Explain the difference between equality and equity.
equity - extra resources are directed to the people who are in most need
What is meant by the relative and dynamic nature of health? Include examples in your answer.
Relative means in comparison to others or to another time and place. For example, you might be less healthy now than when you were in Year 7. Dynamic health means it's always changing. For example, if you break your leg, your health changes very quickly.
Being healthy is easy. Is this a true statement? Make reference to modifiable and non-modifiable factors.
Mental health is one of the largest concerns for young people. Identify some the factors which could be contributing to this.
social media, body image, stigma about seeking help, puberty, bullying
Health is solely the responsibility of the individual. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your answer.
Disagree as some individuals do not have the money, education or resources to improve their health. Good health will only be achieved when individuals, the community, non-government agencies and the government all work collaboratively.
What are the 3 social justice principles?
Equity, diversity, supportive environments
Explain how the concept of good health changes from childhood, adolescence, adulthood and into old age.
Childhood - able to socialise and play with peer, generally very healthy and active, able to grow and develop as intended
Adolescence - being socially accepted by others, developing independence, managing puberty
Adulthood - fit to work and provide for family, need energy and motivation to function
Old age - positive social interaction, physical health to complete daily tasks and maintain independence
Rural and remote - social isolation, reduced access to health services
Low SES - unable to afford health care, lack knowledge
Indigenous - reduced access to health services, higher unemployment, lower education
Prisoners - lower education, exposed to violence/drug use
Homeless - low income, exposed to violence/drug use
Explain why some of the poorest people have the most children.
Limited access to education, early marriage, gender roles, limited access to contraception, expectation that children will care for their parents in old age, needed for extra labour
Select a health issue which affects young people (obesity, road accidents, mental illness) and use the Ottawa Charter action areas to create a health promotion campaign.
Mental illness
DPS - posters in schools and on social media about risk factors
SCA - R U OK day awareness days where schools and community groups connect
CSE - after school groups to help young people develop relationships with others through sport, art, music
RHS - Beyond Blue running mental health care sessions at schools
BHPP - making it mandatory that every school has 2 counsellors on site
Identify a health responsibility for local, state and federal governments.
Local – ensure pools are fenced, state – manage hospitals, federal – provide funding