The Frankish emperor who encouraged education and the concept of a centralized government.
Who was Charlemange?
100
Little ascending and descending symbols, written above the words to suggest the contours of the melody.
What is a neume?
100
The earliest polyphonic music that grew out of the custom of adding a second voice to a Gregorian melody at the interval of a fourth or fifth.
What is organum?
100
This era marks the birth of the modern European spirit and of Western society.
What is the Renaissance?
200
A place for religious seclusion in the Middle Ages.
What is a cloister?
200
The person that was traditionally associated with collecting and organizing the chants of the church.
Who is Pope Gregory?
200
Called the pes, or foot.
What is ostinato?
200
From the French word "mot", for word, the addition of new texts for the upper voices of organum.
What is a motet?
200
An invention that was spurred by the revival of ancient writings.
What is the printing press?
300
"Sieze the day" philosophy of student songs of the Middle Ages.
What is the carpe diem?
300
The head of a monastery in a small town in Western Germany, this person is remembered for writings on natural history, medicine, poetry and music for special church services.
Who is Hildegard?
300
A variety of scale patterns that served as the basis for European art music for a thousand years.
What are modes?
300
A single-line melody that is monophonic in texture and lacks harmony and counterpoint.
What is Gregorian chant?
300
The time frame ca. 500-1000 ce was a period of ascent and development.
What is the "Dark Ages?"
400
The style of Renaissance art that dealt with stylized portraiture and humanized their subjects.
What is realism?
400
German singers of courtly love.
Who are minnesingers?
400
Chants sung alternating a soloist and chorus.
What is responsorial?
400
The combination of two or more simultaneous melodic lines.
What is polyphony?
400
The event that marked the beginning of the 1,000 year period, commonly set in the year 476 ce, is known as the Middle Ages.
What is the fall of the Roman Empire?
500
The focus on human fulfillment on earth rather than on the hereafter, and a new way of thinking that centered on human issues and the individual.
What is humanism?
500
The first composer of polyphonic music at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris.
Who is Leonin?
500
Long groups of notes set to a single syllable of text.
What is melismatic?
500
One of the earliest examples of polyphony from England where each voice enters in succession, with the same melody.
What is a round?
500
A sub-era of the Middle Ages, ca. 1150-1450, that saw the rise of the cathedrals and the individual composer.