Milestones
May speak first words anywhere between
What is 8 – 18 months
These contexts are primary factors in child development:
Knowledge is situated and collaborative
Interaction with skillful adults or peers is essential for cognitive development
What is SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY – LEV VYGOTSKY
The child must develop a secure attachment to the primary caregiver and trust in their ability to have the caregiver respond appropriately to the child’s needs
What is "Trust vs. Mistrust / birth to 1 year old
Once they enter this stage, kids start to think more logically, but may still struggle with hypothetical situations and abstract thinking. Because they are beginning to see things from another person's perspective, now is a good time to start teaching empathy.
What is Concrete Operational Stage (Ages 7 to 11)
In pregnancy eating healthy is important for fetal development as it affects the central nervous system and brain development. A lack of this can suppress development of the immune system in the fetus
What is Nutrition
The letters DAP stands for
What is Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Freud’s term for the part of the mind that is rational and regulates and redirects the instinctual impulses. Is responsible for keeping the three components of the personality balanced
Reason
Decision making
Developed at a point in childhood
Conflicts between wishes and reality
What is Ego
The issue regarding whether or not development involves gradual, cumulative change i.e. smooth slope or distinct stages i.e. butterfly or steps
clue: Two words
What is continuity or discontinuity
During this stage, a child develops an increase in logical thinking. They also develop an ability to use deductive reasoning and understand abstract ideas. As they become more adept at problem-solving, they also are able to think more scientifically about the world around them.
What is Formal Operational Stage (Age 12 and Up)
Bonds that lead to positive or negative social and emotional development in later years
What is attachment
Many babies learn to crawl sometime between
What is 7 months and 10 months
Freud’s term for the part of the mind that comprises the conscious, including the values and morals of one’s culture.
“The part of the personality that governs Moral Judgement”
Right and wrong
Learned behaviours
What is Super Ego
The child strives to gain a sense of purpose
The child is more assertive/aggressive in making choices and demanding options
The child strives to explore new things and try out ideas
what is INITIATIVE VS. GUILT / 3 – 6 YEARS
During this stage, children learn to think symbolically as well as use words or pictures to represent things. Kids in this stage enjoy pretend play, but still struggle with logic and understanding another person's perspective.
What is Preoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7)
low-birth weight babies are born below
What is 2500 grams
Baby will likely learn to sit up without any support
What is around 8 or 9 months
Divided into systems around the child:
Microsystem: Where an individual lives
Mesosystem: Relationships; family, school, peers, religious groupings
Exosystem: Neighbours, mass-media, working environment, legal services
Macrosystem: Culture where the individual lives
Chronosystem: Environmental events over time, technological development
What is the Ecological Theory
The child strives do things independently and asserts their need for choices
What is 1 – 3 YEARS – AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT
This stage involves learning about the environment through movements and sensations. Infants and toddlers use basic actions like sucking, grasping, looking, and listening to learn about the world around them.
What is Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to Age 2)
Attempts to discover how much of our development is determined by biology and how much is determined by our experience
What is Nurture vs. Nature
Babies learn to roll from their belly/side to their back between
What is 3 and 5.5 months of age
A theory that holds that humans are shaped by the environment
Operant conditioning: a form of training in which desired behaviour is immediately rewarded. When this happens, the behaviour is preformed more frequently
What is Behaviorist Theory
The child strives to develop a sense of competence in the mastery of skills in school, sports, and friendships
Acceptance by peers becomes increasingly important
What is INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY / 6 – 12 YEARS OLD –
Children actively construct understanding of the world in 4 stages of development
Learning through Assimilation and Accommodation
What is Cognitive Development Theory
Just like we need to crawl before we can walk, we all need to scribble before we can draw. A child will begin to show interest in scribbling around
What is 18 months