Emily was born 2 days after her expected birth date and weighed 4 pounds. She is considered to have _____ birth weight.
low
100
What is the hormone that is released when an expectant mother is under stress?
Cortisol
100
In Western industrialized nations, family size has ________ over the past half-century.
declined
200
How long is the period of the zygote?
2 weeks
200
Give an example of a harmful prescription or non-prescription drug.
Thalidomide, DES, Accutane, aspirin, caffeine, or antidepressants
200
How can one protect himself/herself from illnesses associated with low or high birth weight?
Getting regular checkups and screening tests; paying consistent attention to diet, weight, fitness, and stress; etc.
200
Name 3 of the maternal factors that can affect the course of pregnancy.
Exercise, nutrition, emotional stress, blood incompatibility, and maternal age and previous births
200
Many mothers don't seek out prenatal care due to _____________.
Financial hardship, personal barriers, situational barriers, and engagement in high-risk behavior
300
When is sexual intercourse optimal for conception?
On or near the day of ovulation
300
Name 5 common teratogens.
Drugs (prescription, nonprescription, and illegal), tobacco, alcohol, radiation, environmental pollution, and infectious disease
300
What are the problems associated with high birth weight?
Breast cancer and prostate cancer
300
Taking a ___________ supplement greatly reduces the risk of a wide range of abnormalities during prenatal development.
folic acid
300
Why is prenatal health care important?
Unexpected difficulties can arise during pregnancy, especially with pregnant women who have existing health problems.
400
Name a major event that occurs during the period of the embryo.
Heart begins beating, sense of touch emerges, body structures and internal organs begin to form, etc.
400
Name three factors that affect harm done by teratogens.
Dose, heredity, other negative influences, and age
400
What are the problems associated with low birth weight?
Heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
400
On average, a woman should gain 25 - 30 pounds throughout her pregnancy. True or false?
True
400
Why might parents delay childbearing?
To wait until their education is complete, their careers are established, and they are emotionally more mature
500
When does the age of viability occur?
Sometime between 22 and 26 weeks
500
What are the symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?
Slow physical growth, facial abnormalities, and brain injury
500
Birth weight depends on the flow of nutrients across the _________.
placenta
500
Explain how Rh factor incompatibility between the mother and fetus can lead to serious problems.
If the fetus's Rh-positive blood crosses the placenta into the mother's Rh-negative bloodstream, the mother will form antibodies that can enter the fetus's system and destroy red blood cells.
500
Jane went to her physician because she was experiencing a sharp rise in blood pressure and swelling in her face, hands, and feet. She may be experiencing a complication called ___________.