Fragments & Run-Ons
Because she studied all night.
👉 Answer: Fragment
Why: Dependent clause only. No independent clause.
List the FANBOYS.
👉 For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
She ran to class.
👉 Simple sentence
Cause → effect transition?
👉 As a result / Therefore / Consequently
Everyone ______ ready.
👉 is
Why: Everyone = singular.
She wanted to leave she was tired.
👉 Answer: Run-on
Correct fix:
She wanted to leave because she was tired.
OR
She wanted to leave; she was tired.
OR
She wanted to leave, and she was tired.
The team practiced hard, ______ they won.
Choices: and / because / however
👉 Answer: and
Why: Two independent clauses joined by FANBOYS.
She ran to class, and she sat down.
👉 Compound sentence
Contrast transition?
👉 However / Nevertheless / On the other hand
The group of players ______ practicing.
👉 is
Why: Subject = group (singular).
When the bell rang, students packed up.
👉 Answer: Complete sentence
Why: Dependent clause + independent clause.
The bus was late; however, we arrived on time.
👉 Answer: Semicolon is correct
Why: Two independent clauses + conjunctive adverb.
Because she ran late, she hurried.
👉 Complex sentence
She studied. ________, she improved.
👉 As a result / Therefore
She walked in and ______ down.
👉 sat
Why: Tense consistency (past).
The team practiced hard, and they won.
👉 Answer: 2 independent clauses
The team practiced hard
They won
The teacher explained the lesson, and improved it.
👉 Answer: Incorrect comma use
Why: “Improved it” is not an independent clause.
Correct version:
The teacher explained the lesson and improved it.
Because she ran late, she hurried, and she apologized.
👉 Compound-complex sentence
Why:
Dependent clause + 2 independent clauses
He said he was ready. ________, he forgot his notebook.
👉 However
Yesterday, he ______ to class.
👉 ran
Why: Past time marker = yesterday.
Although the game was long, it was exciting.
👉 Answer: Complex sentence
Why: Dependent clause + independent clause.
Create a compound sentence using “but.”
👉 Answer example:
She studied hard, but she was still nervous.
Must include:
Independent clause + comma + but + independent clause
Although she was tired, she studied, and she passed.
How many independent clauses?
👉 2
She studied
She passed
When do we use “for example”?
👉 To introduce a specific example supporting a general statement.
The team were excited and celebrates loudly.
👉 Correct version:
The team was excited and celebrated loudly.
Why:
Team = singular → was
Past tense consistency → celebrated