Energy
What is the basic storage form of energy in the body?
ATP
What is the fuel that is used in the ATP-CP system?
Creatine Phosphate
Name 4 of the health related fitness components.
–cardiorespiratory fitness
–anaerobic capacity
–flexibility
–muscular endurance
–strength
–body composition.
What are two of the methods in which we collect data?
Simple direct observation
Digital recording
Movement patterns
Heart rate monitors
List 4 various Methods of Training
Continuous
Fartlek
Interval
Plyometrics
Flexibility
Weight
Circuit
What is the ordering of fuel sources that are utilised during exercise?
CHO
Fats
Proteins
What are the factors that determine which energy system is used when?
•Whether the individual is resting or exercising (or both)
•The duration of the exercise
•The intensity of the exercise
•The athlete’s level of fitness at the time
Name 4 skill related fitness components.
–Speed
–Power
–Coordination
–Balance
–Agility
–Reaction time.
What are the ways in which we can track movement patterns?
Direct observation
Digital videoing
GPS
Explain the FITT principle
Frequency - the amount of times training
Intensity - the intensity of the session (working in the right training zones)
Time - the duration of the session (whilst working in the target training zones)
Type - the type of session and exercises (specific to what is required for the sport)
How is energy created in the body for exercise?
ATP molecules are split to ADP and Pi and the breaking of bonds creates energy for muscular movement
How is energy resynthesised in the ATP-CP system
Creatine Phosphate breaks down, the energy that is released allows the resynthesis of ATP
When organising fitness tests - what would be important factors to consider?
Specificity
•The tests are specific to the sport.
Practicality
•The tests are manageable.
Validity
•The tests measure what they claim to measure.
Reliability
•The ability to reproduce the same results of a test over and over again.
List three reasons why heart rate monitors are useful in data collection and analysis.
Finding heart rates to determine:
- intensity of exercise
- duration of bouts
- work to rest ratio's
- therefore energy systems used
Explain the SAID principle.
Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands.
Meaning specific training that overloads the athlete to improve.
What happens during sport when we move from CHO stores to Fats or Proteins?
There will be a decline in performance
What is the difference between anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis? Include by-products in your discussion.
Anaerobic - without oxygen, incomplete chemical reaction and by-products include Lactic Acid
Aerobic - complete breakdown. By-products of CO2, heat and water and produces a lot more energy
How do you determine what and when testing should occur?
You should use an activity analysis to determine the physiological requirements of the sport.
Testing should then be held pre, during and post competition.
Outline three pieces of information that can be gathered by direct observation and identify a negative aspect of this method of data collection.
•how the athlete moves around the playing area
•where they move to
•the intensity of their sprint or playing
•the frequency of particular skill movements, such as backhand tennis shots
•the muscle groups that need strengthening
•the team plays that are in use.
The information is subjective!
What are 4 ways in which we can modify a training session/program to ensure progressive overload?
•distance of work
•duration of work
•duration of recovery periods
• number of repetitions
•number of sets
• number of sessions per week
•amount of resistance
• range of motion.
Why is there a decline in performance when we run out of CHO's?
Because the breakdown of other fuel sources takes longer and energy is produced slower so intensity is forced to decline
How many ATP molecules are created in the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain?
129
Explain the difference between direct and indirect testing.
•Direct testing uses a laboratory to directly test for parameters such as HR, O2 uptake, levels of expelled CO2, minute ventilation, blood lactate, etc.
For example: the maximal treadmill running test.
•Indirect testing involves the use of activities that predict the capabilities of the fitness components.
For example: 20m shuttle run test.
Identify the work to rest ratios for each of the three energy systems.
ATP-CP 1:5
Anaerobic glycolysis 1:3 - 1:4
Aerobic glycolysis 1:1, 1:2 2:1
Reversibility is detraining - where fitness gains do not occur and there is a decline in performance.
Diminishing returns is where the fitness level increases and the rate of improvement lessens