Present Perfect

SINCE/FOR

100

I've played the cello ... two years.

I've played the cello FOR two years.

200

We've studied Spanish ... primary school.

We've studied Spanish SINCE primary school.

300

She's worked on her project ... last Saturday.

She's worked on her project SINCE last Saturday.

400

We've lived here ... I was 4.

We've lived here SINCE I was 4.

500

I haven't seen you ... ages.

I haven't seen you FOR ages.

Modal of deduction

100

That bird can't  /  could be a penguin. It flew onto the roof.

can't

200

Our dog hasn’t moved all day. He can't / could be ill.

could

300

Be careful. I can hear a mosquito. It must / might bite you.

might

400

Something is eating food from the bins. There aren’t any wolves around here, but it can't /  could be a fox.

could

500

It’s big and it’s got brown fur. It can't  / might be a bear.

might

PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE?

100

I ... to Brazil last summer.

I WENT to Brazil last summer.

200

Pat is super smart. She ... never ... a test since primary school.

(fail)

Pat is super smart. She HAS never FAILED a test since primary school. 

(fail)

300

My parents ... your mum recently.

(see)

My parents HAVE SEEN your mum recently.

(see)

400

Mrs Robins ... to India seven times.

(go)

Mrs Robins HAS BEEN to India seven times.

(go)

500

When ... you last ... Jenny ?

When DID you last SEE Jenny ?

YET, ALREADY, JUST

100

Have you finished your homework ... ?

Have you finished your homework YET ?

200

Mike hasn't washed his car ... .

Mike hasn't washed his car YET .

300

Tom and Larry look exhausted. They've ... run a marathon.

Tom and Larry look exhausted. They've JUST run a marathon.

400

Donna isn't coming to the cinema with us. She has ... seen the film.

Donna isn't coming to the cinema with us. She has ALREADY seen the film.

500

Have John and Sherlock ... solved the mystery?

Have John and Sherlock ALREADY solved the mystery?

Will / going to

100

I’m glad you 'll visit  /   ’re going to visit  in June.

’re going to visit

200

Let’s have a snack. I ’ll get  /   ’m going to get  us some popcorn.

`ll get

300

No, I don’t want to come out, thanks. I ’m going to have  /  ’ll have an early night.

’m going to have

400

There isn’t a cloud in the sky. It won’t rain  /  isn’t going to rain!

isn’t going to rain!

500

    I ’ll go /  ’m going to go and visit my cousins in the summer. We’ve already bought the tickets.

’m going to go