Defining Terms
Define Public Health
Public Health: The health of the entire population through multiple different organizations by improving the health of people and communities.
What are the three types of prevention and give one example of each?
Primary Prevention: Raise taxes on cigarettes
Secondary Prevention: Smoking cessation programs
Tertiary Prevention: Treat those with lung cancer to prevent death
Why do we calculate relative risk?
Relative risk (or Risk Ratio) is the probability of an event happening in an exposed group, compared with the event happening in the unexposed group.
Why is Community Health important? List two reasons how it has helped in the past (ie achievements)?
It brings health benefits to a large number of people, and helps eliminate gaps in health disparities. And then (ANY OF THE MAJOR HEALTH ACHIEVEMENTS)
Policy and environmental change
When is the midterm?
October 28th, 2:15-2:45 PM
Define Health Disparity
Health Disparity: the unequal distribution of resources among communities or the population. This leads to poorer health in certain areas compared to those with more resources.
Screening for high blood pressure is an example of which type of the three prevention levels?
Secondary prevention
What do <1, =1, >1 mean when interpreting?
<1 Program worked!
=1 Program made no difference.
>1 Program made things worse.
Why do health disparities happen throughout communities?
Health disparities occur when there is an unequal distribution of resources among communities or the population such as lack of access to services (ie. hospitals, grocery stores, safe spaces like parks).
What time are office hours?
Tuesdays 3:00 PM-4 PM (There is one more before the midterm!)
Define what is a Social Determinant of Health
Social Determinants of Health are social, economic, and environmental conditions that influence the health of people and communities.
Why do researchers use evidence based strategies?
Effective at changing the intended outcome
Smart use of money and time
Calculate Relative Risk and Interpret the Relative Risk in this example:
Case Study Control Group
No supplement 10 90
Supplement 15 85
Relative Risk: (10/(10+90) ÷ (15/(15+85) = .66667
What are the steps when addressing community health problems?
Reviewing existing data- See if it is credible data.
Community/Environmental Audits- make sure to have a consistent measuring tool for the data to be interpreted the same
Surveys-Same as interviews (Permission)
Interviews- have it open and go with the “flow”, open ended questions (Permission)
Focus Groups- this allows for a wide range of views
Brainstorming/Mapping
Photovoice
Appreciative inquiry
On a scale of 1-10, how confident are you in taking the midterm?
Allow for individual response
Define Incidence and Prevalence Rates
Prevalence rate: The total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total eligible population and multiplied by 100,000.
Incidence rate: the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease divided by the eligible population and multiplied by 100,000.
What is the connection between social determinants of health and health disparities?
Social determinants of health such as poverty, unequal access to health care, lack of education, stigma, and racism are underlying, contributing factors of health inequities.
Calculate the Prevalence Rate of a disease in a population and the prevalence rate of a disease in a population
Prevalence: 5500/20,000 = 0.275
Prevalence Rate: 0.275 x 100,000= 2750 per 100,000
Name three out of the six strategies for creating community change
Consciousness raising
Community development
Social action
Health promotion
Media advocacy
Policy and environmental change
What is the name of Dr. Budd’s son?
Benny
Define Transdisciplinary problem-solving
Many people working together to rise above their respective disciplines/agencies to creatively come up with an innovative solution to a common problem.
What are the three tiers of public health departments and what are their responsibilities?
Local: Educating and protecting the community it is placed in (providing flu vaccinations and COVID testing)
State: Develop policies and funding that support local health department initiatives.
Federal: for assessing and addressing infectious and chronic diseases in the United States (CDC)
Calculate incidence and prevalence of a disease in a population and incidence and prevalence rates of a disease in a population
Incidence: 350/4000: 0 .0875
Incidence Rate: 0 .0875 x 100,000= 8750 per 100,000
Prevalence: 3350/4000= 0.8375
Prevalence Rate: 0.8375 x 100,000= 83,750 per 100,000
Why do Community Health Audits matter? What does this assessment show?
The purpose is that it gives a description of the community and the individuals who live within that community. This assessment shows the areas of strengths and weaknesses of resources throughout the community.
What are two sports that Dr. Budd has actively participated in? (Hint: Both include water)
Water polo and synchronized swimming