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Primary Assessment
Airway, Breathing and Circulation
Vital Signs
Patient Assessment
100

What is the very first thing an emergency responder should think about upon arriving at a scene?

  • Scene safety
  • Personal safety comes first
  • If you become injured, you cannot help anyone else
100

What is the purpose of the primary assessment?

  • Identify immediate life threats
  • Determine if life-saving interventions are needed
100

How long should you check for breathing and a pulse in an unconscious patient?

No more than 10 seconds

100

What is a normal adult respiratory rate range?

12-20 breaths/minute

100

What should you do after introducing yourself to a patient?

Obtain consent to help/examine the patient

200

List three hazards that could make a scene unsafe.

  • Traffic
  • Fire
  • Downed power lines
  • Broken glass
  • Weapons
  • Hazardous materials
  • Violence/fighting
  • Unstable structures
200

Put these in order:

Breathing

Airway

General Impression

Circulation/Pulse

Severe Bleeding

Level of Consciousness

  • General Impression
  • Level of Consciousness (LOC)
  • Severe Bleeding
  • Airway
  • Breathing
  • Pulse/Circulation
200

List three signs that someone may be having breathing difficulties.

  • Wheezing
  • Gasping
  • Labored breathing
  • Fast breathing
  • Slow breathing
  • Cyanosis
  • Retractions
  • Nasal flaring
200

Which pulse point is commonly checked in the neck?

Carotid artery

200

What is a chief complaint?

The patient's main problem or reason for seeking medical help

300

What should you do if a violent situation is still active when you arrive?

  • Stay at a safe distance
  • Wait for law enforcement to secure the scene
  • Do not enter an unsafe scene
300

What does AVPU stand for?

  • A = Alert
  • V = Responds to Verbal stimuli
  • P = Responds to Painful stimuli
  • U = Unresponsive
300

Describe proper airway assessment positioning.

  • Supine (lying face up)
  • Allows proper airway assessment and management
300

Which pulse point is commonly checked in infants?

Brachial artery

300

What does SAMPLE stand for?

  • S = Signs/Symptoms
  • A = Allergies
  • M = Medications
  • P = Past Medical History
  • L = Last Oral Intake
  • E = Events Leading Up To Illness/Injury
400

What information helps determine how many additional resources may be needed?

  • Number of patients
  • Nature of illness/injury
  • Hazards present
  • Severity of injurie
400

A patient only opens their eyes when spoken to. Which AVPU category?

Verbal (V)

400

Explain the difference between normal breathing and labored breathing.

  • Normal: Smooth, regular, effortless
  • Labored: Difficulty breathing, accessory muscle use, abnormal sounds
400

What skin findings may indicate a medical problem?

  • Pale
  • Cool
  • Clammy
  • Cyanotic
  • Flushed
400

What does OPQRST stand for?

  • O = Onset
  • P = Provocation/Palliation
  • Q = Quality
  • R = Region/Radiation
  • S = Severity
  • T = Time
500

Explain what a "mechanism of injury" is and give two examples.

  • MOI = The force or event that caused the injury Examples:
  • Motor vehicle crash
  • Fall
  • Stabbing
  • Explosion
  • Gunshot wound
500

Why is identifying life-threatening problems quickly so important?

Problems with airway, breathing, circulation, or severe bleeding can rapidly result in death.

500

Create a scenario where a patient has an airway problem.

  • Choking on food
  • Unconscious patient with tongue blocking airway
  • Facial trauma causing swelling
500

Calculate the respiratory rate if a patient takes 4 breaths in 15 seconds.

4 × 4 = 16 breaths/minute

500

Why is obtaining a patient's history important?

  • Helps identify cause of illness/injury
  • Guides treatment decisions
  • Provides information to receiving medical personnel