created so that churchmen rather than Roman nobles or German kings could choose the popes
What is College of Cardinals?
100
He chased out the Danes from Angle Land and became the 1st English king.
Who is Alfred the Great?
100
Small area around Paris, which was owned by the Capetian monarchs
What is the Ile-de-France?
100
He was the strongest German king, relied of lay investiture and was crowned emperor when he helped protect the pope from Roman nobles.
Who is Otto I?
100
Most successful crusade
What is the 1st crusade?
200
The appointment of men with few spiritual qualifications to church offices in return for their political and financial favors
What is lay investiture?
200
The Battle of Hastings was fought by Harold of Wessex and this man
Who is William the Conqueror?
200
He was known as the ideal medieval king because he combined sincere piety and just rule to build respect and loyalty for the French throne
Who is Louis IX?
200
He was a ward of Pope Innocent III and broke a promise to give up the Sicilian throne.
Who was Frederick II?
200
The fate of Stephen's children crusade
What is sold into slavery?
300
The height of papal power and prestige was under this pope
Who Pope Innocent III?
300
He was forced to sign a document which was first intended to guarantee feudal rights to the nobles.
Who is John I of England?
300
He seized a great deal of land from John I of England and became known as the real founder of France.
Who is Philip II?
300
Also known as "Red Beard" or Barbarossa, he was the first member of the Hohenstaufen family.
Who is Frederick I?
300
This group forced the Crusaders to sake Zara and then Constantinople for payment
What is Venetians?
400
Three papal weapons
What are excommunication, interdict, and Inquisition?
400
This eventually had the "power of the purse" and served as a check on the king's power and later limited the monarchy.
What is Parliament?
400
This French king's good looks didn't stop him from taxing the people to the highest level.
Who is Philip IV "the Fair"?
400
This city was were Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII met to make a truce about lay investiture policy.
Where is Worms?
400
What king signed a truce with Saladin to allow safe passage of pilgrims for three years?
Who was Richard I of England?
500
He excommunicated Henry IV and freed his subjects from their oaths of loyalty when Henry refused to stop lay investiture
Who is Pope Gregory VII?
500
This English king fought in the King's Crusade
Who is Richard I "Lion-heart"
500
King Philip IV created this ASSEMBLY of three classes for advice, but never listened to them.
What is Estates-General?
500
The three types of conflict within the Holy Roman Empire
What are conflict of interest, conflict with popes, and conflict with nobles?
500
Three of the consequences of the Crusades?
What are....
1. weakened the feudal structure of Europe
2. expanded the commercial activity of Europe
3. early crusades expanded papal authority
4. opened new horizons to medieval people
5. offered important lessons for the Christian church