Factors of Infection
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism capable of causing disease.
What is a pathogen?
Used to describe a disease that is prevalent in or restricted to a location, region, or population.
What is an endemic?
When an infectious agent is transferred directly from a reservoir, including skin-to-skin contact.
What is direct transmission?
An infected individual who can transmit the disease to others. May or may not be exhibiting signs/symptoms of infection.
What is an active carrier?
Intervening before health effects occur, through measures such as vaccinations, altering risky behaviors, and banning substances known to be associated with a disease or health condition.
What is primary prevention?
The habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies.
What is a reservoir?
A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that area.
What is an epidemic?
The transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects, or vectors.
What is indirect transmission?
An individual who is contaminated with the pathogen and can mechanically transmit it to another host, however, is not infected.
What is a passive carrier?
When individuals are being involved in lifestyle changes.
What is active primary prevention?
Any organism that functions as a carrier of an infectious agent between organisms of a different species.
What is a vector?
An epidemic that has spread over a large area and more prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the entire globe.
What is a pandemic?
When a vector takes up the agent, usually through a blood meal from an infected animal, and replicates and/or develops it, then regurgitates the pathogen onto or injects it into a susceptible animal.
What is biological transmission?
Those who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins.
What are incubatory carriers?
Strategies that do not require action by an individual for protection to occur. Individuals are automatically protected, and even sometimes without their awareness.
What is passive primary prevention?
A disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals.
What is zoonosis?
Assess whether an intervention does more good than harm when provided under usual circumstances of healthcare practice, in other worse, under "real world" and clinical settings.
What is effectiveness?
A disease that results from an infection transmitted to human and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas.
What is vector-borne transmission?
Those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting it to other.
What are convalescent carriers?
Regular exams and screening tests to detect disease in its earliest stages and prevent it from worsening.
What is secondary prevention?
A contaminated inanimate object that transmits a disease agent from one susceptible animal to another.
What is a fomite?
The extent of which an intervention does more good than harm under ideal circumstances. Whether the outcome produces the expected result.
What is efficacy?
The transfer of pathogens from an infected host to a susceptible host, where a biological association between the pathogen and the vector is not necessary.
What is mechanical transmission?
Individuals who have been exposed to and harbor a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals.
What are intermittent carriers?
Aims to reduce the effects of the disease once established in an individual through means of restoration and rehabilitation.
What is tertiary prevention?