ADME
What does ADME stand for?
What are Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
This effect can reduce how much of an oral medication reaches systemic circulation because it passes through the liver first.
What is the First-Pass Effect
This term describes what a drug does to the body.
What is Pharmacodynamics
This is when a medication first begins to take effect.
What is Onset
This term describes the clinical purpose or reason for giving a medication.
What is Pharmacotherapeutics
The process where a medication moves from its administration site into the bloodstream.
What is Absorption
When a medication is bound to plasma protein, it is in this state and cannot produce its effect.
What is Inactive
This type of drug binds to a receptor and produces a response.
What is an Agonist
This is the point when a medication has its greatest therapeutic effect.
What is Peak
This term describes how a person's genes can affect their response to medications.
What is Pharmacogenetics
The process where a medication is chemically broken down, primarily by the liver.
What is Metabolism
This protective barrier limits which medications can enter the central nervous system.
What is the Blood-Brain Barrier
This type of drug blocks a specific action or response at a receptor.
What is an Antagonist
This describes how long a medication produces its desired therapeutic effect.
What is Duration
These medications can be purchased without a prescription.
What are Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications
The process where a medication is removed from the body.
What is Excretion
This is the time required for half of a medication to be eliminated from the body.
What is Half-Life
This term describes how strongly a medication produces an effect at a given dose.
What is Potency
This is the lowest blood level of a medication and is measured right before the next dose.
What is Trough
This is the percentage of a medication dose that reaches systemic circulation.
What is Bioavailability
This route of administration skips the absorption step because the medication enters the bloodstream directly.
What is Intravenous (IV)
Reduced function of these two organs can cause a medication to stay in the body longer and increase its half-life.
What are the Liver and Kidneys
Atenolol blocks beta-1 receptors, making it this type of drug.
What is a Beta-1 Antagonist
This compares the amount of a drug that produces a therapeutic effect with the amount that produces a toxic effect.
What is Therapeutic Index
Reduced kidney and liver function in older adults can cause medications to remain in the body longer, increasing this risk.
What is Toxicity