Types of Schools
schools that are funded by tax dollars and open to everyone
public
established common schools and normal schools; served as the first secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education
Horace Mann
computer revolution, development of the Internet and search engines, development of national standards
1990s
Required schools to provide equal opportunities to both male and female students, especially in athletics
Title IX
Declared that racial segregation of schools violated the Constitution because segregated schools were, by nature, unequal
Brown vs. Board of Education
Sets policies for the school district; negotiates contracts and oversees hiring and firing of all employees; approves district curriculum
local school board
private
established the first public library; believed that studying science was important and that schools should promote good citizenship
Benjamin Franklin
launch of Russian satellite Sputnik, fear of Communism, Cold War, Brown vs. Board of Education
1950s
Established preschools for children from low-income families
Project Head Start
Guaranteed a free public education to children with disabilities
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Passes federal legislation that affects all public schools nationwide (NCLB, ESSA); sometimes provides funding tied to the laws
U.S. Congress
schools in the country
rural
believed common people should be educated in order to be able to take part in government; created the first school districts; founded the University of Virginia
Thomas Jefferson
Vietnam War, Civil Rights Act, schools and teachers had freedom to be creative
1960s
Provided money for veterans to attend college
G.I. Bill
Formally outlawed segregation in all public schools and public places in the United States
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Establishes nationwide priorities; collects data to see how schools across the nation are doing; acts as a watchdog to prevent discrimination in public schools
U.S. Department of Education
schools in a major city like Indianapolis
urban
Italy's first female doctor; believed that young children needed sensory experiences before learning to read and write and that children should direct their own learning
Maria Montessori
collapse of the housing market, global financial crisis, push for standardized testing, charter schools
2000s
tied federal funding to school performance and increased accountability through the use of standardized tests
No Child Left Behind
Expanded funding and support for career and technical education programs in middle school and high school
Perkins V
Acts as a liaison between the state legislature and the state board of education; conducts education policy research for the state and compiles statistics
State Superintendent of Public Instruction / State Secretary of Education
schools in the areas outside of major cities like Carmel or Fishers
suburban
German educator; believed that young children learn best through play; created the concept of Kindergarten
Friedrich Froebel
widening gap between rich and poor, A Nation at Risk Report, back to basics movement
1980s
Provided money for schools to strengthen their math, science, and foreign language curriculum
National Defense Education Act
A resolution that by a certain date, all schools in America would have a graduation rate of 90% or higher, that every adult would be literate, and that the U.S. would be first in the world in math and science
Goals 2000 Act
State agency that certifies teachers, establishes graduation requirements, and ensures compliance with federal and state regulations
State Department of Education / Indiana Department of Education (IDOE)
schools not based on or affiliated with any religion
nonsectarian
educational philosopher and leading progressive; believed that schools were too standardized; pushed for students to have authentic experiences, work together, and be problem-solvers
John Dewey
oil crisis in the Middle East, high inflation and unemployment, Title IX, Education for all Handicapped Children Act
1970s
part of LBJ's "War on Poverty"; gave federal dollars to school districts based on the number of poor children enrolled
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
improved NCLB by allowing states more flexibility and offering grants for improvement to under-performing schools
Every Student Succeeds Act
Advise the governor of a state; advocate for citizen support and public funds
State Board of Education