Behavioral Sciences
Psychopathology
Treatment
Diagnostics
Issues in Practice
Neurosciences
100
What is an emphasis of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR) therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder?
A. Avoiding everyday triggers
B. Correcting faulty attributions
C. Exploring current relationship challenges
D. Reconstructing traumatic events for catharsis
E. Recalling upsetting images with sensory inputs
E. Recalling upsetting images with sensory inputs
100
Which of the following statements best describes current thinking about the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults?
A. They appear to be separate disorders, although there is some overlap.
B. Most adults with ADHD did not have significant symptoms as children.
C. A significant number of children with ADHD will go on to become adults with ADHD.
D. Adults can receive the diagnosis of ADHD even if they did not have symptoms as children.
C. A significant number of children with ADHD will go on to become adults with ADHD.
100
Which of the following medications used to treat insomnia is classified as a
serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor?
A. Doxepin
B. Trazodone
C. Quetiapine
D. Mirtazapine
E. Lorazepam
B. Trazodone
100
When a patient in alcohol withdrawal is experiencing hallucinations, the
presence of which of the following would suggest a diagnosis of alcoholic
hallucinosis rather than delirium tremens?
A. Fever
B. Seizure
C. Agitation
D. Tachycardia
E. Clear sensorium
E. Clear sensorium
100
Which of the following ethical principles, as elucidated in the Belmont Report, underlies the practice of informed consent?
A. Justice
B. Beneficence
C. Voluntariness
D. Comprehension
E. Respect for persons
E. Respect for persons
100
Which intrinsic frequency found on an EEG is prominent during deeper stages
of sleep, particularly stage three?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. Delta
E. Theta
D. Delta
200
A form of learned fear in which a person or an experimental animal learns to respond strongly not only to a harmful stimulus, but also to a subthreshold stimulus, refers to:
A. avoidance.
B. sensitization.
C. habituation.
D. irrational fear.
E. learned helplessness.
B. sensitization.
200
Which of the following culture-bound syndromes is characterized by a transition to frenzied, indiscriminate violence following an acutely stressful event, typically resulting in a state of dissociation?
A. Amok
B. Susto
C. Ataque de nervios
D. Shenjing shuairuo
E. Possession syndrome
A. Amok
200
The onset of action for lithium's antimanic effect occurs in what period of time?
A. 0 to 2 days
B. 3 to 6 days
C. 1 to 3 weeks
D. 4 to 6 weeks
E. 8 to 12 weeks
C. 1 to 3 weeks
200
Which of the following EEG findings is typical for a patient who is taking benzodiazepines?
A. Triphasic waves
B. Normal background
C. Increased amplitudes
D. Increased beta activity
E. Slowed background activity
D. Increased beta activity
200
A court has ordered the psychiatrist to complete a "competency to stand trial" evaluation for a person with a history of psychosis who was arrested for shoplifting. Which of the following questions is relevant to competency to stand trial in this scenario?
A. Can the person work effectively with counsel?
B. What was the person's intent at the time of the crime?
C. If actively psychotic, can the person make treatment decisions?
D. Was the person able to waive Miranda rights at the time of arrest?
E. At the time of the offense, did the person understand the illegality of the behavior?
A. Can the person work effectively with counsel?
200
Which of the following areas of the frontal cortex is most consistently activated during shifting of cognitive sets in the Wisconsin card sort test?
A. Orbital
B. Dorsolateral
C. Anterior pole
D. Ventromedial
E. Anterior cingulate
B. Dorsolateral
300
According to Melanie Klein, a child who perceives the mother as an integrated person who is responsible for both good and bad experiences at the same time is said to be:
A. using the manic defense.
B. in the depressive position.
C. using projective identification.
D. in the paranoid-schizoid position.
B. in the depressive position.
300
Hyperphosphorylated tau pathology with accentuation in the neocortical sulcal
depths and perivascular region is a pathognomonic finding of what condition?
A. Alzheimer disease
B. Parkinson disease
C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
D. Primary age-related tauopathy
E. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
E. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
300
A patient with recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding develops a moderately severe major depressive episode for which antidepressant treatment is indicated. Which of the following antidepressants is least likely to increase the risk of bleeding?
A. Citalopram
B. Mirtazapine
C. Venlafaxine
D. Nortriptyline
E. Escitalopram
B. Mirtazapine
300
Which of the following neuropsychological tests is designed to measure inhibition?
A. Boston Naming
B. Matrix Reasoning
C. Stroop Color Word
D. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure
E. Benton Judgment of Line Orientation
C. Stroop Color Word
300
What is the legal standard of proof for civil commitment?
A. Probable cause
B. Absolute certainty
C. Beyond a reasonable doubt
D. Preponderance of the evidence
E. Clear and convincing evidence
E. Clear and convincing evidence
300
When the central nervous system responds to an acute cortical insult, which of the following occurs?
A. Cell surface antigens are involuted into cells.
B. Oligodendrocytes take on an amoeboid shape.
C. Peripheral inflammatory cytokines are decreased.
D. Microglia processes retract, and the cell body enlarges.
E. Astrocytes proliferate and recruit microglia to the site of injury.
D. Microglia processes retract, and the cell body enlarges.
400
A soldier on the battlefield often heard a loud, shrill noise prior to nearby missile explosions. Since returning from deployment, the soldier experiences increased heart rate and respiration upon hearing a similar shrill sound. In classical conditioning, the explosions that occurred near the soldier are considered the:
A. conditioned stimulus.
B. conditioned response.
C. unconditioned stimulus.
D. unconditioned response.
C. unconditioned stimulus.
400
A 55-year-old presents for evaluation of cognitive and behavioral changes over the past three years. They have become impulsive and rude and lost their job for failure to meet project deadlines. The patient is found sitting at the computer workstation and says, "I've been waiting so long, I figured I would go ahead and do your job for you!" and later grabs the reflex hammer and says, "Now, it's my turn!" Which cognitive test would most likely be affected by this patient’s disease?
A. Recall
B. Language
C. Orientation
D. Cube copying
E. Object naming
B. Language
400
What stimulant medication activates hypocretin-producing neurons?
A. Modafinil
B. Benzphetamine
C. Methylphenidate
D. Dextroamphetamine
E. Lisdexamfetamine
A. Modafinil
400
A 53-year-old patient with no prior psychiatric history develops personality changes and impulsive, disinhibited behavior. Structural brain imaging shows no evidence of a lesion. Which of the following findings is likely to be evident on positron emission tomography imaging for this patient?
A. Normal perfusion
B. Asymmetrical parietal lobe perfusion defects
C. Reduced perfusion in bilateral lateral temporal lobes
D. Symmetrical posterior temporal lobe perfusion defects
E. Patchy perfusion defects scattered throughout the brain
C. Reduced perfusion in bilateral lateral temporal lobes
400
A female patient who has been engaged in twice-weekly psychodynamic psychotherapy with a male therapist for the last year begins to discuss sexual fantasies about the therapist. The therapist feels flattered by the sexual interest of this patient and notes his own feelings of attraction to her. The most appropriate next step for the therapist is to:
A. seek consultation with a colleague.
B. end the treatment and refer the patient to another therapist.
C. explain to the patient that her feelings toward the therapist are not real.
D. pull back from close engagement with the patient to maintain more rigid boundaries.
E. encourage the patient's discussion of her fantasies to deepen the erotic transference.
A. seek consultation with a colleague.
400
Impaired response inhibition on verbal tasks is most associated with dysfunction
at which of the following brain regions?
A. Orbitofrontal
B. Occipitoparietal
C. Anterior cingulate
D. Medial temporal
E. Dorsolateral prefrontal
C. Anterior cingulate
500
According to psychoanalytic theory, the term primary process thinking refers to mental activity exemplified by which of the following?
A. Internalized symbolic representations of spoken words
B. Conscious underlying intent of abstract verbal expression
C. Unconscious thoughts that do not maintain logical connections
D. Thoughts that toddlers use to establish control over intense affect
E. Non-verbal representations of relationships with important attachment figures
C. Unconscious thoughts that do not maintain logical connections
500
Which of the following disorders targets the circumventricular organs, resulting
in intractable nausea, vomiting, and hiccups, in addition to hypothalamic
dysfunction?
A. Neurosyphilis
B. NMDA encephalitis
C. Neurofibromatosis I
D. Neuromyelitis optica
E. Niemann-Pick disease
D. Neuromyelitis optica
500
Which of the following is among the first medications ever approved to treat depression?
A. Lithium
B. Iproniazid
C. Desipramine
D. Methylphenidate
E. Chlorpromazine
B. Iproniazid
500
Which test is commonly used to measure sustained attention or vigilance in
patients with schizophrenia?
A. Dichotic listening
B. Backward masking
C. Span of apprehension
D. Reaction time crossover
E. Continuous performance
E. Continuous performance
500
From a neurodevelopmental perspective, the youngest age at which a child possesses sufficient cognitive ability such that the child is likely to meet the Appelbaum criteria for general healthcare decision-making capacity is approximately:
A. four years.
B. six years.
C. twelve years.
D. sixteen years.
E. eighteen years.
C. twelve years.
500
In the sagittal section shown, what letter corresponds to the brain structure commonly termed the habenular nucleus?
D