MC 1
Which of the following is an example of a front-door program?
Determinate punishments
Indeterminate punishments
Boot camp prisons
Capital punishment
Indeterminate punishments
Which of the following are branches of government?
Federal
State
Judicial
All of these
All of these
Which sentence is the most common in the United States?
Imprisonment
Probation
Parole
None of these
Probation
The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits excessive bail. It also defines excessive bail as being what?
Answer
10% of defendant's net worth
10% of defendant's annual income
10% of defendant's monthly income
Excessive bail is not defined in Eighth Amendment.
Excessive bail is not defined in Eighth Amendment.
Which of the following leads the Western world in the percentage of residents who are incarcerated?
Answer
Canada
Mexico
Spain
United States
United States
Which of the following views human behaviors as based on free will, a concept in law known as mens rea?
Neoclassicalism
Positivism
Classicalism
Renaissance
Classicalism
Who generally staffs juvenile court intake?
Court clerk
Probation officer
Truant officer
None of these
Probation officer
According to the text, how many adult offenders are on probation for felonies and misdemeanors in the United States?
More than 4 million
Less than 2 million
3 million
1 million
More than 4 million
What type of investigation allows probation officers to produce a report as part of a negotiated plea prior to its acceptance by the presiding judge?
Answer
Presentencing investigation
Post arrest investigation
Pre-plea investigation
PO investigation
Pre-plea investigation
Which system featured solitary confinement to prevent fraternization between prisoners and to promote penitence?
Answer
Angola
Auburn
Pennsylvania
Westgate
Pennsylvania
Which level of evidence is used in probation and parole revocation hearings?
Clear and convincing evidence
Preponderance of evidence
Probable cause
Beyond a reasonable doubt
Preponderance of evidence
Which of the following positions needs a working knowledge of sociology, psychology, and social work?
Juvenile court judge
Probation officer
Parole officer
None of these
Juvenile court judge
What type of restrictions do most states have on the granting of probation in felony cases?
Public opinion restrictions
Moral restrictions
Judiciary restrictions
Statutory restrictions
Statutory restrictions
What percent of all federal criminal cases are resolved by a guilty plea?
Answer
55%
60%
90%
99%
90%
Which system exploited inmate labor?
Answer
Pennsylvania
Concord
St. Cloud
Auburn
Auburn
Which of the following is said to affect sentencing and therefore impacts probation and parole?
Corrupt judges
Plea bargaining
Neither Corrupt judges nor Plea bargaining
Both Corrupt judges and Plea bargaining
Plea bargaining
Which of the following are subject to juvenile court jurisdiction for behavior that would not be of court interest if they were adults?
Non-violent offenders
Violent offenders
Probation offenders
Status offenders
Non-violent offenders
Which of the following conditions are tailored to the individual requirements of a particular offender?
Answer
Special conditions
Extralegal conditions
PSI conditions
All of these
Special conditions
What term refers to an ad hoc exchange between a defendant who agrees to plead guilty to a criminal charge and a prosecutor who offers leniency in return?
Answer
Nolle prosequi
Plea bargain
Nolo contendere
Actus reus
Plea bargain
Which of the following put an end to the contract system?
Answer
World War I
The Great Depression
The Dust Bowl
None of these
The Great Depression
Which of the following conducted campaigns against the "corrupting influence of taverns and theaters and opposed the use of jails to house children"?
Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquency
Society for Juvenile Protection
Society against Juvenile Delinquency
None of these
Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquency
Which of the following may be provided by different agencies, including adult probation and parole departments?
Juvenile aftercare
Parole supervision
Neither Juvenile aftercare nor Parole supervision
Both Juvenile aftercare and Parole supervision
Neither Juvenile aftercare nor Parole supervision
Which of the following has gained popularity because of the fact that relatively few offenders coming into the criminal justice system are in a position to provide meaningful financial restitution?
Answer
Parole
Incarceration
Community service
None of these
Community service
Which of the below is often used to justify the release of the PSI report to the defendant?
Answer
Release of the report is required under the First Amendment.
It enables the defendant to contest information he feels in unfair or inaccurate.
Both Release of the report is required under the First Amendment and It enables the defendant to contest information he feels in unfair or inaccurate
None of these
It enables the defendant to contest information he feels in unfair or inaccurate.
Which did the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Sentencing offer?
Answer
Standard sentence
Presumptive sentence
Positive sentence
Truth-in-sentencing
Presumptive sentence