IPM
This biological control strategy involves releasing natural enemies that establish and reproduce long-term.
What is Classical biological control?
Loss of this leads to shriveling and reduced marketable weight.
What is water (moisture loss)?
This trade-off describes how high sunlight increases carbon gain but also increases this.
What is water loss (evaporation/transpiration)?
This orchard floor zone is typically kept weed-free near the tree row.
What is the herbicide strip (or weed-free strip)?
Commercial fruit trees are typically composed of these two parts.
What are the rootstock and scion?
Overuse of a single pesticide mode of action can lead to this outcome in pest populations.
What is pesticide resistance?
Reducing this process slows fruit ripening and deterioration.
What is respiration (metabolic rate)?
This soil property strongly affects nutrient availability.
What is soil pH?
This practice uses materials like wood chips to suppress weeds and improve soil quality.
What is mulching?
These types of rootstocks revolutionized commercial fruit production by allowing many more trees to be grown in a given acre of land.
What are dwarfing rootstocks?
These traps are commonly used to monitor insect populations using scent signals.
What are pheromone traps?
This hormone regulates fruit ripening and is often targeted in storage technologies.
What is ethylene?
This ratio describes carbon gained relative to water lost.
What is Water Use Efficiency?
This sustainability concern arises from excessive nutrient application.
What is leaching/runoff?
This propagation method produces genetically identical plants.
What is clonal propagation?
Pest forecasting uses weather data like temperature and this heat-accumulation metric to predict pest development.
What are growing degree days (GDD)?
Harvest timing is a trade-off, balancing storage potential with this consumer-related factor.
What is fruit quality?
During drought stress, trees reduce photosynthesis primarily due to this immediate physiological response.
What is stomatal closure?
These are typically shallow in high density orchards, which explains why they may need more careful groundcover management.
What are root systems?
This propagation technique produces virus-free plants in controlled lab environments.
What is Micropropagation (tissue culture)?
This genetics-based IPM technique relies on mating between pests and lab-produced individuals that produce no viable offspring.
What are sterile releases?
This disorder can be reduced using controlled atmosphere storage and proper management.
What is chilling injury (or physiological disorders)?
Below about 11% soil water content, apple trees reach this condition.
What is the permanent wilting point?
Increased soil health may reduce this disease and reduce the fallow period between plantings.
What is replant disease?
The Vf gene from this apple species provides resistance to apple scab.
What is Malus floribunda (crabapple)?