Problem Basics
What is the initial state?
This is the beginning situation of a problem
What is algorithm?
Strategy that always leads to the correct answer
What is mental set?
Using the same old method even when an easier methods exists
What is creativity?
Finding solutions that are both novel and useful
What is insight?
A sudden "aha!" solution to a difficult problem
What are obstacles?
Refers to restrictions that block reaching the situation
What is a heuristic?
Cognitive shortcut or general rule that is usually correct
What is functional fixedness?
Seeing objects only for its usual purpose
What is divergent thinking?
Coming up with many possible answers to one problem
What is Gestalt psychology?
Theory emphasizing organization and sudden understanding
Whats thinking?
The process of going beyond given information to reach a goal
What is the means-end heuristic?
Focuses on reducing the difference between the initial and goal states
What is stereotype?
Can hurt performance when someone is reminded of a negative stereotype
What is intrinsic motivation?
Motivation driven by personal interest and enjoyment
What is reduced working memory capacity?
The belief that working memory suffers under stereotype pressure