Processes and Enzymes Table

NAME

100

Name the process that turns amino acids into protein

Protein synthesis

200

Name the process that turns glucose into pyruvate and ATP

Glycolysis

300

Name the process that breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into ATP, CO2, and H2O

Metabolism

400

Name the process that turns carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into fatty acids, then into triglycerides

Lipogenesis

500

Name the process that would turn pyruvate into glucose

Gluconeogenesis

WHAT

100

Glycogenesis is the transfer of ___ to___.

Glucose to Glycogen

200

Glycogenolysis is the transfer of ___ to ___.

Glycogen to Glucose

300

Proteolysis breaks down protein in 3 steps

Protein to Amino Acids to molecules for ATP

400

Lipolysis breaks down fat in 3 steps

Triglycerides to Free Fatty Acids to ATP

500

Gluconeogenesis has 5 non-carbohydrate sources

Amino acids, Pyruvate, Lactate, Ketones, Oxaloacetate

HOW

100

Enzyme used to facilitate the transfer of glucose to glycogen

Glycogen Synthase

200

Enzyme to break down glucose into ATP

PFK

300

Enzyme for breaking down stored fats

Lipase

400

Enzyme related to muscle glycogen, when stored carbohydrates go into the blood

Glycogen Phosphorylase

500

Enzymes used for breaking down LIVER glycogen into glucose

Glycogen Phosphorylase and Phosphatase

WHEN

100

Lipogenesis occurs when...

Overconsume carbohydrates, fats, and/or protein

200

Blood glucose is stored in the muscles or the liver

When consuming carbohydrates after exercise

300

Protein is broken down to be used for energy 

When deprived of carbohydrates

400

Glycogenolysis in the liver occurs when...

Blood glucose levels decrease

500

Your body uses other sources (non-carbohydrates) to convert into glucose

Anytime glucose levels drop, and liver glycogen is depleted

WHY

100

Glucose is stored in the muscle or liver for this reason

To refill glycogen storage to fuel the next bout of exercise

200

Substrates are converted into fat upon overconsumption for this reason

To store nutrients for later usage

300

Protein synthesis, or the building of amino acids into protein, occurs for this reason

To repair, maintain, or grow tissue

400

Proteolysis and lipolysis occur to replace glycolysis when carbohydrates are low for what reason

To provide cells with energy

500

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose occurs in the muscles during exercise for this reason

To provide glucose to the muscle cells for energy production