Industrialization
A new method for making steel cheap and efficient process that greatly increased the rate of steel production; Increased production of steel – faster expansion of RR and construction of buildings/skyscrapers/bridges
What is the Bessemer Process.
They came from Eastern and Southern Europe , Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Poland (Catholics/Jews) In early 19th century - from N and W Europe (Protestants) to Ellis Island: (East Coast) in the New York Harbor located near the Statue of Liberty; reception center for poor immigrants arriving by ship; 5+ hr long processing
Who are the New Immigrants.
unofficial and often corrupt entities that worked to keep a certain party or certain officials in political office; led by a “boss;” a reaction to the growth of urban areas and the need for more public money and greater role of government, giving more power to the government and causing intense campaigning
What are political machines
Machines, tools, and workers assemble products by having each perform a specific, successive operation on an incomplete unit as it passes by in a series of stages organized in a direct line.
What is the assembly line?
Americanization of immigrants; Americanization movement social campaign – taught immigrants citizenship skills (language, history, civics, cooking, social etiquette)
What is assimilation.
Invented by Thomas Edison, Factories and streetcars, eventually homes by the end of the 19th century (urban areas); early - mid 2oth century (rural areas like South Louisiana)
What is electricity.
political and religious freedom and independence, economic/job opportunities, abundant land
What are pull factors.
the most notorious political machine boss, from New York; controlled politics and stole over $100 million ~ Exposed by Thomas Nast’s political cartoons!
Who is Boss William Tweed
Big business” - people working together for the purpose of production, purchase, or distribution for their joint benefit
What are corporations.
inner city areas where immigrants lived with those of same cultural background, heritage, language; perceived as disloyalty to native born Americans
What are ghettos
Invented the telephone and Increased communication
Who is Alexander Graham Bell.
population growth, agricultural changes, crop failures, Industrial Revolution, religious and political turmoil, escaping wars and political unrest
What are push factors.
the corrupt political club/machine that was led by Boss Tweed and controlled New York City’s Democratic Party
The merging of companies (competitors) that make similar products.
What is Horizontal Integration
community centers in slum neighborhoods; provided education, cultural, and social support, medical aid; helped cultivate social responsibility for the urban poor; served as a launching pad for investigations into economic, political, and social conditions in the city of Chicago; reformers lived there too
What are settlement houses
Spurred industrial and economic growth by allowing producers to ship goods across the country cheaper, faster, and more efficiently; made it easier for people and businesses to settle and survive on the Western frontier
What is the expansion of railroads
Located in San Francisco Bay, California where Asians, primarily Chinese entered the US
What is Angel Island
made monopolies illegal by outlawing any combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce
What is the Sherman Anti Trust Act
A company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain control over the quality and cost of its product.
What is Vertical Integration
multi-family one room urban dwellings occupied by immigrants; crowded, unsafe, and unsanitary
What are tenant houses.
Goods and products produced in large quantities mainly by machinery in factories. Result: Cheaper products and more people moved to urban areas to work in factories
What is mass production?
(East Coast) in the New York Harbor located near the Statue of Liberty
What is Ellis Island.
Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act; gave unions more power as it made strikes, peaceful picketing, and boycotts legal
What is the Clayton Anti Trust Act
Companies buy out companies in order to have exclusive CONTROL the market (commodities and/or services) by eliminating competition; market condition that exists when there is only one seller - Leads to manipulation of prices!
What are monopolies
Most famous settlement house
What is Hull House.