A New Wave of Immigration
What was a major push factor that caused many immigrants to leave their home countries in the late 1800s?
A. Free land
B. Political unrest
C. Free education
D. High wages
B. Political unrest
What was the main reason cities grew rapidly during the Gilded Age?
A. Farming opportunities
B. Gold rushes
C. Factory jobs from industrialization
D. Government programs
C. Factory jobs from industrialization
What was the main problem with the spoils system during the Progressive Era?
A. It raised taxes
B. It gave government jobs to political supporters instead of qualified workers
C. It limited voting rights
D. It increased immigration
B. It gave government jobs to political supporters instead of qualified workers
What was one major effect of rapid urban growth in American cities during the late 1800s?
A. Less pollution
B. More farmland
C. Overcrowding and sanitation problems
D. Fewer people
C. Overcrowding and sanitation problems
Which group most often supported Progressive reforms during the early 1900s?
A. Railroad monopolies
B. Reform-minded middle-class citizens
C. Political machine bosses
D. Factory owners
B. Reform-minded middle-class citizens
Which part of the ship did most immigrants travel in when coming to the United States?
A. First class
B. Cargo deck
C. Steerage
D. Captain’s quarters
C. Steerage
What type of housing did many urban poor families live in during the late 1800s?
A. Suburbs
B. Mansions
C. Tenements
D. Hotels
C. Tenements
Which law required government workers to pass exams instead of being hired through political connections?
A. Sherman Antitrust Act
B. Pure Food and Drug Act
C. Pendleton Civil Service Act
D. Clayton Antitrust Act
C. Pendleton Civil Service Act
How did electric streetcars and subways change city life?
A. They ended immigration
B. They allowed people to live farther from work
C. They replaced factories
D. They reduced city populations
B. They allowed people to live farther from work
What was one goal of Progressive Era reformers?
A. Increase child labor
B. Reduce government involvement
C. Improve living and working conditions
D. End public education
C. Improve living and working conditions
Which immigration station mainly processed European immigrants?
A. Angel Island
B. Ellis Island
C. Alcatraz
D. Liberty Island
B. Ellis Island
What was one major problem faced by people living in tenements?
A. Too much space
B. Poor sanitation and overcrowding
C. High rent in wealthy areas
D. Too many servants
B. Poor sanitation and overcrowding
Who were muckrakers during the Progressive Era?
A. Factory owners
B. Politicians
C. Journalists who exposed corruption and social problems
D. Labor union leaders
C. Journalists who exposed corruption and social problems
Why were public parks and department stores important in growing cities?
A. They reduced taxes
B. They provided clean air, recreation, and safe public spaces
C. They replaced tenements
D. They stopped overcrowding
B. They provided clean air, recreation, and safe public spaces
Why did many immigrants choose factory work when they arrived in the United States?
A. Factories required no skills
B. Factory jobs paid higher wages than farm work
C. Factories provided free housing
D. Factory owners spoke their language
B. Factory jobs paid higher wages than farm work
Why did many immigrants choose to live in ethnic neighborhoods when they arrived in the United States?
Immigrants lived in ethnic neighborhoods to preserve their culture, language, and traditions, and to receive support such as jobs, housing, and help adjusting to life in America.
How did political machines gain support from immigrants and the urban poor?
Political machines gained support by providing jobs, food, housing, and help in exchange for votes, which allowed them to control city governments.
How did the Pendleton Civil Service Act help reduce corruption in government?
The Pendleton Civil Service Act reduced corruption by requiring competitive exams for government jobs and protecting workers from being fired for political reasons.
Why did sports become more popular during the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Sports became more popular because workers had more free time and disposable income, and living in cities made it easier to attend games and participate in organized sports.
How did muckrakers help bring about change during the Progressive Era?
Muckrakers exposed corruption, unsafe working conditions, and poor living environments through journalism, which raised public awareness and pressured the government to pass reform laws.
How was Angel Island different from Ellis Island in the way immigrants were treated?
Ellis Island mainly processed European immigrants and usually allowed them to enter within a short time, while Angel Island processed mostly Asian immigrants and held them for weeks or months with harsh conditions and intense questioning.
Why did Americans begin calling for reform during the Gilded Age?
Americans demanded reform because of corruption, bribery, and unfair political practices, which were exposed by muckrakers and led to public pressure for change.
Why was the Election of 1912 important to the Progressive movement?
The Election of 1912 showed the strength of Progressive ideas because the Republican Party split between Roosevelt and Taft, allowing Woodrow Wilson to win the presidency.
What was vaudeville, and why was it important to American culture?
Vaudeville was a form of live entertainment that included comedy, music, and acrobatics, and it was important because it brought people from different backgrounds together and helped create a shared national culture.
Explain one long-term effect of urbanization that still affects American cities today.
Urbanization led to large, diverse cities with ongoing challenges such as housing shortages, traffic congestion, and pollution, which many cities still face today.