Category 1
When do historians generally place the Progressive Era?
1890–1920
Which single reform most directly curtailed the power of urban political machines and party bosses?
Direct primary elections
What major policy action contributed to the split between Roosevelt and Taft’s Republican supporters?
Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff and supported policies seen as conservative, angering Progressive Republicans.
Which Supreme Court decision enshrined the “separate but equal” doctrine that shaped race relations during the Progressive era?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Which social group provided most of the leadership and energy for Progressivism?
Urban middle-class professionals (doctors, lawyers, managers)
Which law was passed quickly after public outrage caused by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle?
Pure Food and Drug Act
What was the main purpose of the Federal Reserve Act (1913)?
To provide a more stable and flexible national banking system and control the money supply
Woodrow Wilson promised to attack the “triple wall of privilege.” Which two reforms listed below are best examples of his attacks on tariff and banking?
Underwood Tariff & Federal Reserve Act
Which muckraker wrote the exposé on the abuses of Standard Oil?
Ida Tarbell
Which of the following was not a stated goal of Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”?
Unregulated support of big business with no oversight
Which factor most helped the movement for women’s suffrage succeed in passing the 19th Amendment?
Wartime contributions of women in World War I combined with sustained political pressure (state victories and federal lobbying).
Which Supreme Court case upheld protective labor legislation for women, accepting special protections as constitutional?
Muller v. Oregon
Read this Wilson sentence from the textbook: “I am, therefore, a Progressive because we have not kept up with our own changes of conditions, either in the economic field or in the political field.” Which choice best captures Wilson’s argument?
Government must reform to respond to major social and economic changes.
Why did Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle lead to federal regulatory legislation?
Public outrage at documented abuses forced lawmakers to respond with consumer-protection laws.
Which statement describes the difference between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois?
Washington focused on vocational training and economic self-help; Du Bois demanded immediate civil and political rights.
Progressives liked “scientific management” (Taylorism). What was the reform-minded implication of applying scientific management to government?
Make government more efficient and rely on experts and administrators to design effective policies.
Which constitutional amendment required the direct election of U.S. Senators?
17th
Which Progressive reform gave the Interstate Commerce Commission stronger powers to set “just and reasonable” railroad rates?
Hepburn Act
Why did many Progressive reforms fail to improve the position of African Americans in the early 20th century?
Many Progressives focused on economic/political reforms but tolerated or ignored racial segregation and Jim Crow, so racial justice was largely neglected.
Bonus: What are all the assignment you need to turn in for this unit?
Muckrakers Research Project
The Jungle Webquest Paper and Hole Punch Paper