all inclusive prokaryote structures
what are the types of prokaryotic cells
archea and bacteria
bacteria has hopanoids in their cell wall. What type of structural aiding molecule does archea have?
Neither sterols or hopanoids. They have something else
which one, gram positive or gram negative, has an outer membrane?
gram negative
why are carbon atoms so important
they are the building blocks for all cells
Why NAD+/NADH is sometimes not an effective electron carrier
because they are sometimes less electronegative than their electron source for chemolithrotropic anaerobic respirator
how do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells
Ribosomal DNA sequence is different
Cell wall structural differences
Cell membrane structural differences
Chromosomal dna is different
what type of link between the phospholipid head and tail does archea have
ether link
which one has an paraplasmic space
gram negatives
why is iron and magnesium important for all cells
they are cofactors for enzymes
what electron carrier might chemolithrotropic anaerobic respirators use
CoQ and/or Cyt C
what shapes do coccus and bacillus make? and what arrangements can they make?
Coccus is spherical shaped and bacillus is pill shaped. They can make mono, diplo, staphlo, and strepto arrangements.
do archea have peptidoglycan cell walls?
no
which one has many layer of peptidoglycan?
gram positive
what is a chemoorganotroph that performs aerobic respiration
the electron source is organic and the electron acceptor is O2
what is the process of Butanediol fermentation
pyruvate looses a carbon → combines those 2 carbon molecules to a 4 carbon molecule called acetoin → donates electron and proton → butanediol
what structures do all prokaryotes have
Cell wall = protective barrier
Cytoplasmic membrane = encloses cytoplasm
Cytoplasm = gel like material inside of cell
Ribosome = protein synthesis
Chromosomal DNA = all the genes they need (it’s circular)(only one chromosomal dna)
Inclusion = storage granule
Cytoskeleton = provides structure
what is the structure of peptidoglycan
alternating
NAG= N-acetylglucosamine
NAM= N-acetylmuramic acid
what structures are unique to gram negatives?
lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, and porins
Which pathway produces NADPH; also, what is NADPH used for
it's produced in the pentose phosphate chain and is used to power anabolic reactions
what is the electron source for green bacteria
H2S or H2
what is proton motive force
sending out protons out of the cell → goes back into cell carrying solute inside (lactose solute for example)
eukaryotes have ATP synthase in their mitochondrian cell membranes. Does bacteria have ATP synthase? is so where is it located?
which one is bad at holding die and why?
gram negatives because they only have two layer of peptidoglycan
how can cellulose be broken down and at what step of making ATP can it be incorporated.
it's broken down by cellulase. It's glucose molecules can go into the start of glycolysis.
what is the characteristic of Aerotolerant bacteria
cannot use O2 as final electron acceptor but can survive exposure to O2