Key Terminology
A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, typically enclosed by a lipid membrane in eukaryotes
Organelle
What are the three Kingdoms?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eucaryota
Single-celled organisms without a nucleus
Prokaryotes
Organisms whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic
The region in prokaryotic cells where the genetic material is located, not enclosed by a membrane
Nucleoid
What are the two main things that live in the Eucaryota kingdom
Plants and Animals
What are two examples of a ProKaryote?
Bacteria and Archaea
What are two examples of a Eukaryote?
Plants and Animals
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Double helix
The primary distinction between these two types of cells is the presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
What is one Archea Organism
I will look this up to see if your right
Tail-like structures for movement (not present in all prokaryotes)
Flagellum
Powerhouse of the cell, site of ATP (energy) production.
Mitochondria
What is the name of the sugar found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
A polymer that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall
Peptidoglycan
What are the three shapes Bacteria can form in?
Sphere, Rod, Spiral
Area where the cell's DNA is concentrated
Nucleoid Region
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion
Golgi Apparatus
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar
The hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through a symbiotic relationship
Endosymbiotic Theory
What is the difference between Archea and Bacteria?
bacteria typically have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while archaea lack it
Selectively permeable barrier that controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Plasma Membrane
Site of protein and lipid synthesis; rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER does not.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the process by which DNA is copied?
DNA replication