Intermolecular Forces
What type of force exists between all molecules, but is the only IMF present in nonpolar molecules?
What are London Dispersion Forces?
What property of liquids causes water droplets to bead up?
What is surface tension?
A solid with a regular repeating structure is called _______.
What is a crystalline solid?
Which gas law relates pressure and volume at constant temperature?
What is Boyle’s Law?
According to KMT, gas particles are very _______ compared to the space between them.
Small
Hydrogen bonding only occurs when hydrogen is bonded to which three elements?
What are N, O, or F?
A liquid that flows slowly has high _______.
What is viscosity?
Which type of solid is held together by a “sea of electrons”?
What are metallic solids?
Charles’s Law shows that volume is directly proportional to _______
Temperature (in Kelvin).
What kind of motion do gas particles move in?
Constant, random, straight-line motion.
Which is stronger: dipole-dipole forces or hydrogen bonding?
What is hydrogen bonding?
Why does mercury form a convex meniscus instead of concave?
Because Hg is nonpolar and has stronger cohesive than adhesive forces.
NaCl is an example of what type of solid?
What is an ionic solid?
Gay-Lussac’s Law relates pressure and _______ at constant volume.
Temperature.
What does it mean when collisions between gas particles are “elastic”?
No energy is lost.
Why do London Dispersion Forces get stronger as atomic number increases?
Because larger atoms have more electrons and are more polarizable.
What two types of forces are involved in capillary action?
Cohesive and adhesive forces.
Give one property of covalent network solids.
Very hard, high melting point, giant macromolecule, extreme conditions to produce (any correct).
A 3.50 L gas sample at 300 K expands to 5.25 L at constant pressure. What is the new temperature?
450 K (Charles’s Law).
Which variable of gases is related to average kinetic energy of particles?
Temperature (Kelvin).
Rank these by IMF strength: LDF, dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding.
LDF < dipole-dipole < hydrogen bonding < ion-dipole
Which IMF explains why water has such a high boiling point compared to H₂S?
What is hydrogen bonding?
Name the two covalent network solids you were asked to memorize.
Diamond and graphite
A gas is 4.50 L at 2.00 atm. If pressure increases to 3.60 atm at constant T, what’s the new volume?
2.50 L (Boyle’s Law).
State two of the assumptions of KMT that explain why gases expand to fill containers.
Gas particles don’t attract/repel; they move in constant motion; they are far apart (any two).