Adverse Possession
This elements requires using the property regularly and without significant interruption
What is continuous use?
A legal right to use another's land for a limited purpose
What is an easement?
The foundational case that upheld zoning as constitutional
What is Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.?
The default form of concurrent ownership with no right of survivorship
What is tenancy in common?
These are restrictions or obligations that run with the land
What are covenants?
The doctrine that allows adding a previous possessor's period of adverse possession to your own
What is tacking?
These easements arise from permission, foreseeable reliance, and a change in position
What are easements by estoppel?
The doctrine requiring municipalities to provide realistic opportunities for low to moderate income housing
What is the Mount Laurel Doctrine?
The four unities required for joint tenancy
What are time, title, interest, and possession?
This case established that CC&Rs are presumed valid unless unless wholly arbitrary or against public policy
What is Nahrstedt?
A test that asks whether a reasonable owner would think the possessor is acting like the true owner
What is the objective test for adverse possession?
The type of easement arising when a parcel is landlocked
What is an easement by necessity?
This type of zoning regulates the physical configuration of land (lot size, setbacks, and height)
What is area zoning?
This form of ownership is only available to married couples and has surviviorship
What is tenancy by the entirety?
A general development scheme plus notice can create these unwritten restrictions
What are implied covenants?
A deed that looks valid, but is legally defective is known as this
What is color of title?
An easement inferred from prior, continuous, and apparent use before land was dividied
What is an easement implied by prior use (quasi-easement)?
A previously lawful use that becomes non-compliant due to new zoning regulations
What is a prior non-conforming use?
An affirmative act indicating exclusion of a co-tenant
What is ouster?
This doctrine requires both horizontal and vertical privity for a real covenant to run, and failure of either prevents the burden from binding successors
What is the privity requirement for covenants running with the land?
This requirement means the possessor acts in a way visible to the true owner
What is open possession?
One way to terminate an easement in which one estate becomes the owner of both dominant and servient parcels
What is a merger?
A zoning exception granted when strict application of the ordinance would cause hardship
What is a variance?
Co-tenants must share these types of costs, but not improvement costs
What are basic expenses, maintenance, and repairs?
This element requires that later purchasers know or should know about the covenant
What is notice?