Anatomy and Physiology
What other condition has similar S/S to prostate cancer?
After what age is prostate cancer more common?
50 years old
Name one way prostate cancer is initially screened?
Digital rectal exam
Prostate-specific antigen level (PSA) is increased
Which of the following findings indicates need for further evaluation for prostate cancer?
a. PSA > 4 ng/mL
b. Patient is a 40-year-old caucasian man with a BMI of 26.
c. Smooth prostate gland upon palpation
d. gradual weight loss after starting a new exercise regimen
A. PSA > 4 ng/mL
elevated PSA is a reason to further evaluate for prostate cancer.
b. BMI is only risk factors
c. this is an expected finding
d. sudden, unexplained weight loss is a possible sign of cancer
Name one intervention for the adverse effect of chemotherapy: neutropenia?
private room, no fresh fruits or flowers in room, freshwater for drinking, avoid ill people, meticulous hand hygiene and wear gloves, no live vaccines, avoid invasive procedures, fruits and vegetables need to be washed and cooked before eating, assess for signs and symptoms of infection
What is the primary function of the prostate gland?
To produce a secretion that aids the nourishment and passage of sperm
Name one risk factor for prostate cancer
After screening, what is one way that prostate cancer is diagnosed?
Biopsy, transrectal ultrasonograpy (TRUS), MRI, x-ray
Which of the following is NOT true of Stage 1 prostate cancer?
A. Tumors may not be palpated in a digital rectal exam.
B. The tumor has metastasized.
C. Treatment involves active surveillance.
D. Tumors are present in half of the prostate at most.
B. the tumor has metastasized.
Stage 1 is characterized by tumors that have NOT metastasized, are present in half of the prostate and are not palpable. Treatment involves active surveillance.
Name one thing a a nurse should include when teaching a patient post-biopsy.
fluids, Avoid strenuous exercise for 7 days, Take full course of antibiotics as directed, DO NOT take aspirin or anti-inflammatory medications such as celebrex for 1 week, Avoid sexual activity for 7 days
Monitor and report: persistent urinary frequency/burning, fever > 101 F, blood clots in urine or stool, bleeding lasting > 7 days
Why does prostate cancer cause urinary difficulties?
The anatomical change compresses the urethra
Name one way to help prevent prostate cancer (modifiable risk factor)
BMI within normal range, physical activity, diet
What is a prostatectomy?
Surgery to remove the prostate
Which of the following statements indicates understanding of teaching related to prostate cancer?
A. "I will not experience sexual dysfunction"
B. "I will never have to undergo surgery."
C. "I should monitor for and report bone pain."
D. "I should use testosterone so I can continue lifting weights."
C. "I should monitor for and report bone pain."
This is a sign of metastasis to the bones.
A and B are false. the opposite is true
This is not a safe practice to begin with, and testosterone may exacerbate prostate cancer.
Which of the following is NOT and expected side effect of hormone therapy?
A Gynecomastia
B Hot flashes
C Decreased libido
D Shortness of Breath
D Shortness of Breath