Basics & Patho
What gland does prostate cancer originate in and what is its primary function?
The prostate gland, which produces fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.
What nonmodifiable risk factor is most strongly associated with prostate cancer?
Increasing age
Why is prostate cancer often asymptomatic in early stages?
The tumor grows slowly and remains localized
What blood test is commonly used to screen for prostate cancer?
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
What treatment is commonly used for localized prostate cancer?
Surgery (radical prostatectomy) or radiation therapy
Prostate cancer most commonly develops from what type of cells?
Glandular epithelial cells (adenocarcinoma)
Which racial group in the U.S. has the highest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer?
African American men
What urinary symptom is commonly associated with prostate cancer?
Weak urine stream or difficulty starting urination
Why is PSA screening controversial?
It may detect slow-growing cancers that may never cause harm
How does androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) treat prostate cancer?
By reducing testosterone levels that fuel cancer growth
Why does prostate cancer often grow slowly in early stages?
It is hormone-dependent and initially confined to the prostate gland
How does family history influence prostate cancer risk?
Having a first-degree relative increases risk significantly
What symptom may indicate advanced prostate cancer with bone involvement?
Bone pain, especially in the spine, hips, or pelvis
What physical exam allows providers to assess prostate size and texture?
Digital rectal exam (DRE)
What is a major nursing concern following prostate surgery?
Urinary incontinence and infection prevention
Which hormone plays a key role in prostate cancer growth?
Testosterone (androgens)
What dietary pattern is associated with increased prostate cancer risk?
Diets high in saturated fats and red meat
How can prostate cancer affect sexual function?
Erectile dysfunction
What diagnostic test confirms prostate cancer?
Prostate biopsy
What patient education is essential for men receiving radiation therapy?
Skin care, fatigue management, and urinary symptom monitoring
What is the most common age group affected by prostate cancer?
Older adult men, typically over age 50
How does genetics contribute to prostate cancer development?
Inherited mutations can increase susceptibility to abnormal cell growth
What late sign may indicate metastatic disease?
Weight loss, fatigue, or pathologic fractures
What imaging study helps identify metastatic prostate cancer?
Bone scan or CT/MRI
What nursing priority supports quality of life in advanced prostate cancer?
Pain management, psychosocial support, and palliative care