Basics
This nutrient contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and can be used to build body structures.
What is Protein?
Humans use this many different amino acids to make all proteins.
What is 20?
This organ begins significant protein digestion when acid and enzymes denature and break down proteins.
What is the stomach?
Protein can help maintain this balance by keeping appropriate amounts of fluid inside and outside cells.
What is fluid balance?
These two plant foods are given in the presentation as an example of complementary proteins.
What are rice and beans?
These are the building blocks that make up proteins.
What are amino acids?
This many amino acids are considered essential and must be obtained from the diet.
What is 9?
This stomach enzyme breaks polypeptides into shorter chains of amino acids.
What is pepsin?
Almost all of these biological catalysts are proteins.
What are enzymes?
This condition is an autoimmune response to gluten-related peptides and is associated with a genetic predisposition.
What is celiac disease?
The RDA for protein for a healthy adult is this many grams per kilogram of body weight.
What is 0.8 grams per kilogram?
Name the three branched-chain amino acids.
What are leucine, isoleucine, and valine?
This hormone stimulates the release of stomach acid and pepsin when protein digestion begins.
What is gastrin?
Antibodies are proteins that contribute to this body function.
What is immune function?
Name three of the eight foods identified in the presentation as responsible for about 90% of food-related allergies.
These chemical bonds link amino acids together to form proteins.
What are peptide bonds?
This is the essential amino acid present in the lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to the body's needs.
What is the limiting amino acid?
In the small intestine, this hormone is released and stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes involved in protein digestion.
What is cholecystokinin (CCK)?
When carbohydrate is insufficient, the liver can use amino acids to produce this substance.
What is glucose?
A person consumes more protein than their body needs. Can the body simply store the extra protein as protein for later use?
What is no?
A protein's function is strongly determined by this characteristic, which is ultimately influenced by the order of its amino acids.
What is its three-dimensional shape/structure?
A person has phenylketonuria. Their body cannot adequately convert phenylalanine into this amino acid, causing this amino acid to become conditionally essential.
What is tyrosine?
Put these events in the correct order: amino acids enter the bloodstream, proteins are denatured, pepsin breaks proteins into shorter chains, pancreatic enzymes continue digestion.
1. Proteins are denatured in the stomach
2. Pepsin breaks them into shorter chains
3. Pancreatic enzymes continue digestion in the small intestine
4. Small peptides and amino acids are absorbed and sent to the liver
During prolonged exercise or weight loss, protein can be used for energy. Before the remaining carbon skeleton is metabolized, this nitrogen-containing portion is removed, producing ammonia as a waste product.
What is the amino group?
A vegetarian student wants to obtain all nine essential amino acids from plant foods. What nutritional strategy from this chapter can help accomplish this?
What is combining complementary protein sources?