This group defines PEM as "the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions."
Who is the World Health Organization (WHO)
100
This type of PEM is characterized by a low height for age
What is Stunting PEM
100
Gender for which the peak mortality rate due to PEM in Colombia is higher
What is Female
100
These are designed to provide adequate nutrition, restore normal body composition, and cure the condition that caused the deficiency
What are treatments for patients with severe PEM
100
Regions of Colombia in which the rate of PEM is the highest
What are Rural and Indigenous Areas
200
Losing 10- 20% of body weight, slow heart rates, low blood pressure, increased body temperatures, baggy, wrinkled skin; constipation; dry, thin, or brittle hair; lethargy; pressure sores, and other skin lesions
What are symptoms of PEM
200
This type of PEM is characterized by a low weight for height
What is Wasting PEM
200
The peak age at which PEM affects both men and women in Colombia
What is 80 years old
200
This may benefit patients whose muscles have deteriorated significantly
What is Physical Therapy
200
Number of days after the birth of a child during which he/she is likely to prevent the development of PEM if given proper nutrition
What are the first 1,000 days of a child's life
300
Life-stage group most heavily impacted by PEM
Who are children
300
A severe form of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, usually starting in the feet and legs, sometimes accompanied by a skin rash and or changes in hair color
What is Kwashiorkor
300
Age range in which PEM is the least deadly to Colombian women
What is 25 - 29 years old
300
This type of treatment is used to supply nutrients to patients who cannot or will not eat protein-rich foods
What is Tube Feeding or Intravenous Feeding
300
The main governmental body responsible with controlling PEM in Colombia; who patients/hospitals should reach out to for information
What is the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia)
400
Comparing height and weight to standardized norms, calculating BMI, measuring skinfold thickness or the circumference of the upper arm
What are ways to check for/diagnose PEM
400
Whereas in kwashiorkor the main deficiency is protein, the main deficiency f this type is energy/calories and other nutrients
What is Marasmus
400
Annual Mortality Rate in Colombia due to PEM
What is 6.8 people / 100,000 people
400
This involves correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, treating infection with antibiotics that do not affect protein synthesis, and addressing related medical problems
What is the first stage of treatment for patients with severe PEM
400
The highest ranked hospitals in Colombia to treat Protein Energy Malnutrition
What are Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili (Cali), Fundación Santa Fe (Bogotá), and Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (Medellín)
500
PEM leads in this category among developing countries
What is Child Mortality
500
Type of PEM in which a child will be very thin like a child with marasmus and will have edema like a child with kwashiorkor
What is Marasmic-Kwashiorkor
500
Annual Years of Healthy Life Lost (per 100,000 people) due to PEM in Colombia
What is 196.7 years
500
This involves replenishing essential nutrients slowly to prevent taxing the patient's weakened system with more food than it can handle
What is the second phase of treatment for patients with severe PEM
500
Program set up in Colombia to provide local institutions with technical support for the development of policies and the design, delivery and evaluation of programs to address malnutrition and food insecurity, with a special focus on former conflict areas