Structure and Function
Elements that make up proteins
What is primarily carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur?
Protein responsibilities inside cell
What are speeding up chemical reactions, regulating metabolism, and acting as catalysts
Primary Structure
What is the linear chain of amino acids, specifically the the order that is determined by inherited genetic info?
Number of types of amino acids that are arranged in different amounts and orders to make proteins
What is 20 types?
Protein importance to nucleic acids
Monomer of protein
What is an amino acid?
Protein general responsibilities inside organisms
What are making up most of organisms bodies (hair, nails) and preforming a variety of different functions that help organisms to live
Secondary Structure
What is the coiled and folded segments of polypeptides such as alpha helixes and B sheets that result from hydrogen bonds?
A change in the structure of a protein that involves a single substitution of an amino acid within a hemoglobin protein
What is sickle cell disease?
Ways proteins and carbohydrates work together
What is they both provide organisms with an energy source and proteins can be used once carbs are all used up?
Different polymers of proteins
What are protiens/polypeptides?
Type of protein that builds and breaks down molecules and speeds up reactions
What is an enzyme?
Tertiary Structure
What is the overall shape of a polypeptide that results from interactions between R groups of amino acids?
Exposure to different pH, salt levels or temperature cause this change in protein shape that stops it from functioning properly
What is denaturation?
Proteins importance to lipids
Types of bonds that link amino acids and proteins
What are peptide bonds that join a carboxyl group of an amino acid to an amino group of another with a dehydration reaction?
How proteins engage with water
What is hydrophobic interaction that contributes to tertiary structure as non polar side chains end up at the core of the protein when it folds?
What is to stabilize tertiary structure?
How amino acid sequence dictates protein shape
What is sequence dictates where and how proteins are positioned, which means it changes where hydrogen bonds can be formed, which cause folding and 3D shape of proteins
Proteins importance to macromolecules
What is by building them with dehydration reactions that occur with the help of enzyme proteins?
Processes by which proteins are built up and broken down
What is protein synthesis builds proteins and breaks down during digestion as amino acids are taken apart and are utilized to form new and different polypeptides?
Type of proteins that fight infections and heal tissues
What are defense protiens?
Name for tertiary structure when sulfurs on side chains bond covalently as a protein folds
What is disulfide bridge?
Properties of amino acids that affect 3D shape of protein
What are hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and charge?
Protein relies on other macromolecules, while also creating all life and sustaining it, therefore aiding other macromolecules
What is protein’s interdependence with other macromolecules?