PROTEIN METAB
Where does protein digestion begins?
Stomach
What is recognized as a pivotal component of critical care?
Nutrition therapy
An antioxidant that protects cellular content from peroxids nd superoxides.
Gluthathione
Oxidized form of FADH2
A cyclic biochemical pathway in which urea is produced for excretion, using ammonium. ions and aspartate molecules as nitrogen sources.
Urea cycle
What are the two phases where metabolic changes occur?
Acute and Post-Acute Phase
What are the 3 highest forms of protein in food?
Lean meat, poultry, and seafood
Formed when acetyl group bonds to CoA-SH via a thioester bond
Acetyl CoA
What is the reaction and enzyme in step 4 of the urea cycle?
Hydrolysis, Arginase
critical illness - In critical ill patients _______ and ________ _______are important issues because they are associated with increase morbidity
malnutrition and protein deficiency
Partial or compelete disorganization of protein characteristics
Protein Denaturation
A nonnutrient compound found in plant-derived foods that has a positive effect on human health
PHYTOCHEMICAL
Enumerate the types of bile pigments
Biliverdin, bilirubin, stercobilinn, urobilin
represents the fraction of ingested amino acids taken up by the splanchnic organs (gut or liver) that is not available systemically, eg, not available to muscles.
Splanchnic extraction
Neurotransmitters in the brain for pain reduction
Enkephalins
How many “strained bonds” are present in an ATP molecule?
2
What are the 2 steps needed for biodegradation of cysteine to occur?
a transamination reaction & release of —SH
The protein targets should gradually reach _____ or _____ to _____ protein per day, which is recommended for critically ill patients?
1.3 g/kg or 1.2 to 2.0 g/kg
Is the organization among the various peptide subunits in a multimeric protein
Quaternary protein structure
Serves as "proton pumps" transferring protons from matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space
Complexes, 1, 2, and 4